F

F F Fahrenheit (scale); farad; fertility (plasmid); visual field; fluorine; formula; French (scale); phenylalanine.

F F faraday; force.

F₁, F₂, F₃, etc. filial generation, with the generation specified by the subscript numeral.

f f femto-.

f f frequency (2).

Fab Fab [fragment, antigen-binding] originally, either of two identical fragments, each containing an antigen combining site, obtained by papain cleavage of the immunoglobulin IgG molecule; now generally used as an adjective to refer to an “arm” of any immunoglobulin monomer. digoxin immune F. (ovine) F. d’anticorps (ovins) spécifiques de la digoxine a preparation of antigen-binding fragments derived from specific antibodies produced against digoxin in sheep; used as an antidote to digoxin and digitoxin overdose.

fabella fabella pl. fabellae [L.] a sesamoid fibrocartilage occasionally found on the gastrocnemius muscle, articulating with the femur.

FACD FACD Fellow of the American College of Dentists.

face face 1. the anterior, or ventral, aspect of the head, usually from the forehead to the chin, inclusive, but sometimes excluding the forehead. 2. any presenting aspect or surface. moon f. f. lunaire the peculiar rounded face seen in various conditions, such as Cushing syndrome, or after administration of adrenal corticoids.

face-bow arc facial 1. a device used in dentistry to record the positional relations of the maxillary arch to the temporomandibular joints and to orient dental casts in this same relationship to the opening axis of the articulator. 2. an extraoral wire arch or bow used in orthodontics to connect an intraoral appliance to an extraoral anchorage.

facet facette a small plane surface on a hard body, as on a bone.

facetectomy facettectomie excision of the articular facet of a vertebra.

facial facial pertaining to or directed toward the face.

-facient -facient word element [L.], making; causing to become.

facies faciès pl. facies [L.] 1. the face. 2. surface; the outer aspect of a body part or organ. 3. expression (1). elfin f. f. de gnome facial features including wide-set eyes, low-set ears, and hirsutism; seen in children with congenital conditions such as leprechaunism and Williams syndrome. leonine f. f. léonin a deeply furrowed, lionlike appearance of the face, seen in certain cases of advanced lepromatous leprosy and in other diseases associated with facial edema. Parkinson f. f. parkinsonien a stolid masklike expression of the face, with infrequent blinking, pathognomonic of parkinsonism. Potter f. f. de Potter the characteristic facial appearance seen with oligohydramnios sequence, including a flattened nose, receding chin, wide interpupillary space, and large low-set ears.

facilitation facilitation [L.] 1. hastening or assistance of a natural process. 2. in neurophysiology, the effect of a nerve impulse acting across a synapse and resulting in increased postsynaptic potential of subsequent impulses in that nerve fiber or in other convergent nerve fibers.

facilitative facilitateur in pharmacology, denoting a reaction arising as an indirect result of drug action, as development of an infection after the normal microflora has been altered by an antibiotic.

facing facette prothétique a piece of porcelain cut to represent the outer surface of a tooth.

faci(o)- faci(o)- word element [L.], face.

faciobrachial faciobrachial, brachiofacial pertaining to the face and the arm.

faciolingual faciolingual pertaining to the face and tongue.

facioplasty plastie du visage, chirurgie plastique du visage restorative or plastic surgery of the face.

facioplegia facioplégie facial paralysis. Adj.: facioplegic.

FACOG FACOG Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

FACP FACP Fellow of the American College of Physicians.

FACS FACS Fellow of the American College of Surgeons.

FACSM FACSM Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.

factitial factice factitious.

factitious artificiel artificially induced; not natural.

factor facteur an agent or element that contributes to the production of a result. accelerator f. f. accélérateur coagulation f. V. angiogenesis f. f. angiogénique a substance that causes the growth of new blood vessels, found in tissues with high metabolic requirements and also released by macrophages to initiate revascularization in wound healing. antihemophilic f. (AHF) f. antihémophilique 1. coagulation f. VIII. 2. a preparation of factor VIII used for the prevention or treatment of hemorrhage in patients with hemophilia A and the treatment of von Willebrand disease, hypofibrinogenemia, and factor XIII deficiency, including preparations derived from human or porcine plasma or by recombinant technology. antihemophilic f. A f. antihémophilique A coagulation f. VIII. antihemophilic f. B f. antihémophilique B coagulation f. IX. anti-hemophilic f. C f. Rosenthal coagulation f. XI. antinuclear f. (ANF) f. antinucléaire see under antibody. f. B f. B a complement component that participates in the alternative comple- ment pathway. B cell differentiation f’s (BCDF) f. de différenciation des cellules B factors derived from T cells that stimulate B cells to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. B lymphocyte stimulatory f’s (BSF) f. de stimulation des lymphocytes B a system of nomenclature for factors that stimulate B cells, replacing individual factor names with the designation and an appended descriptive code. Christmas f. f. Christmas antihémophilique B coagulation f. IX. clotting f’s f. de la coagulation coagulation f’s. C3 nephritic f. (C3 NeF) f. 3 néphritique an autoantibody that stabilizes the alternative complement pathway C3 convertase, preventing its inactivation by factor H and resulting in complete consumption of plasma C3; it is found in the serum of many patients with type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. coagulation f’s f. de coagulation substances in the blood that are essential to the clotting process and hence, to the maintenance of normal hemostasis. They are designated by Roman numerals, to which the notation “a” is added to indicate the activated state. See also platelet f’s. f. I f. I fibrinogen: a high-molecularweight plasma protein converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin. Deficiency results in afibrinogenemia or hypofibrinogenemia.f. II f. II prothrombin: a plasma protein converted to thrombin by activated factor X in the common pathway of coagulation. Deficiency leads to hypoprothrombinemia.f. III f. III tissue thromboplastin: a lipoprotein functioning in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, activating factor X.f. IV f. IV calcium. f. V f. V proaccelerin: a factor functioning in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation, catalyzing the cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin. Deficiency leads to parahemophilia. f. VII f. VII proconvertin: a factor functioning in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, acting with factor III to activate factor X. Deficiency, either hereditary or associated with vitamin K deficiency, leads to hemorrhagic tendency. f. VIII f. VIII antihemophilic factor (AHF): a storage-labile factor participating in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, acting as a cofactor in the activation of factor X. Deficiency, an X-linked recessive trait, causes hemophilia A. f. IX f. IX a relatively storage-stable substance involved in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, activating factor X. Deficiency results in the hemorrhagic syndrome hemophilia B, resembling hemophilia A; it is treated with purified preparations of the factor, either from human plasma or recombinant, or with factor IX complex. f. X f. X Stuart factor: a storage-stable factor that participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation, uniting them to begin the common pathway of coagulation; as part of the prothrombinase complex, activated factor X activates prothrombin. Deficiency may cause a systemic coagulation disorder. The activated form is called also thrombokinase. f. XI f. XI plasma thromboplastin antecedent: a stable factor involved in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, activating factor IX. Deficiency results in the blood-clotting defect hemophilia C. f. XII f. XII Hageman factor: a stable factor activated by contact with glass or other foreign surfaces, which initiates the intrinsic process of blood coagulation by activating factor XI. f. XIII f. XIII fibrin-stabilizing factor: a factor that polymerizes fibrin monomers, enabling formation of a firm blood clot. Deficiency produces a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis. colony-stimulating f’s f. de croissance hématopoïétique a group of glycoprotein lymphokines, produced by blood monocytes, tissue macrophages, and stimulated lymphocytes and required for the differentiation of stem cells into granulocyte and monocyte cell colonies; they stimulate the production of granulocytes and macrophages and have been used experimentally as cancer agents. f. D f. D a serine protease of the alternative complement pathway that cleaves factor B bound to C3b, releasing Ba while leaving Bb bound to C3b to form the C3 convertase C3bBb. decay accelerating f. (DAF) protéine membranaire a protein of most blood cells as well as endothelial and epithelial cells, CD55; it protects the cell membranes from attack by autologous complement. endothelial-derived, relaxing f. endothelium-derived, relaxing f. f. de relaxation d’origine endothéliale nitric oxide. epidermal growth f. (EDRF) f. de croissance de l’épiderme a mitogenic polypeptide produced by many cell types and made in large amounts by some tumors; it promotes growth and differentiation, is essential in embryogenesis, and is also important in wound healing extrinsic f. f. exogène extrinsèque cyanocobalamin. F (fertility) f. f. F de fertilité F plasmid. fibrin-stabilizing f. (FSE) f. stabilisant de la fibrine coagulation f. XIII. Fitzgerald f. f. Fitzgerald high-molecular-weight kininogen. Fletcher f. f. Fletcher prekallikrein. glucose tolerance f. f. de tolérance au glucose a biologically active complex of chromium and nicotinic acid that facilitates the reaction of insulin with receptor sites on tissues. granulocyte colony-stimulating f. (G-CSF) f. de croissance hématopoïétique G-CSF a colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of neutrophils from precursor cells. granulocyte-macrophage, colony-stimulating f. (GM-CSF) f. de croissance hématopoïétique GM-CSF a colony-stimulating factor that binds to stem cells and most myelocytes and stimulates their differentiation into granulocytes and macrophages. growth f. f. de croissance any substance that promotes skeletal or somatic growth, usually a mineral, hormone, or vitamin. f. H f. H a glycoprotein that acts as an inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Hageman f. (HF) f. Hageman coagulation f. XII. histamine-releasing f. (HRF) f. de libération d’histamine a lymphokine that induces the release of histamine by IgE-bound basophils in late phase allergic reaction. homologous restriction f. (HRF) protéine de membrane HRF a regulatory protein that binds to the membrane attack complex in autologous cells, inhibiting the final stages of complement activation. f. I f. I a plasma enzyme that regulates both classical and alternative pathways of complement activation by inactivating their C3 convertases. inhibiting f’s f. inhibiteurs de la prolactine factors elaborated by one body structure that inhibit release of hormones by another structure; applied to substances of unknown chemical structure, while those of established chemical identity are called inhibiting hormones. insulinlike growth f’s (IGF) f. de croissance insulinomimétique insulin-like substances in serum that do not react with insulin antibodies; they are growth hormone-dependent and possess all the growth-promoting properties of the somatomedins. intrinsic f. f. intrinsèque a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands, necessary for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂. Lack of intrinsic factor, with consequent deficiency of vitamin B₁₂, results in pernicious anemia. LE f. f. LE an antinuclear antibody having a sedimentation rate of 7S and reacting with leukocyte nuclei, found in the serum in systemic lupus erythematosus. leukocyte inhibitory f. (LIF) f. inhibiteur de leucocytes a lymphokine that prevents polymorphonuclear leukocytes from migrating. lymph node permeability f. (LNPF) f. de perméabilité ganglionnaire a substance from normal lymph nodes which produces vascular permeability. lymphocyte mitogenic f. (LMF) f. mitogénique lymphocytaire a nondialyzable heat-stable macromolecule released by lymphocytes stimulated by a specific antigen; it causes blast transformation and cell division in normal lymphocytes. lymphocyte transforming f. (LTF) f. de transformation des lymphocytes a lymphokine causing transformation and clonal expansion of nonsensitized lymphocytes. myocardial depressant f. (MDF) f. dépressif myocar- dique a peptide formed in response to a fall in systemic blood pressure; it has a negatively inotropic effect on myocardial muscle fibers. osteoclast activating f. (OAF) lymphokine OAF a lymphokine produced by lymphocytes which facilitates bone resorption. f. P f. P properdin. platelet f’s f. plaquettaires factors important in hemostasis which are contained in or attached to the platelets. platelet f. 1 f. plaquettaire 1 adsorbed coagulation factor V from the plasma. platelet f. 2 f. plaquettaire 2 an accelerator of the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction. platelet f. 3 f. plaquettaire 3 a lipoprotein with roles in the activation of both coagulation factor X and prothrombin. platelet f. 4 f. plaquettaire 4 an intracellular protein component of blood platelets capable of inhibiting the activity of heparin. platelet activating f. (PAF) f. d’activation plaquettaire an immunologically produced substance which is a mediator of clumping and degranulation of blood platelets and of bronchoconstriction. platelet-derived growth f. f. de croissance dérivé des plaquettes a substance contained in the alpha granules of blood platelets whose action contributes to the repair of damaged blood vessel walls. R f. f. R see under plasmid. releasing f’s f. déclenchants de la sécrétion hypophysaire factors elaborated in one body structure that cause release of hormones from another structure; applied to substances of unknown chemical structure, while those of established chemical identity are called releasing hormones. resistance transfer f. (RTF) f. de transfert de résistance the portion of an R plasmid containing the genes for conjugation and replication. Rh f., Rhesus f. f. Rh genetically determined antigens present on the surface of erythrocytes; incompatibility for these antigens between mother and offspring is responsible for erythroblastosis fetalis. rheumatoid f. (RF) f. rhumatoïde a protein (IgM) detectable by serological tests, which is found in the serum of most patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in other related and unrelated diseases and sometimes in apparently normal persons. risk f. f. de risque a clearly defined occurrence or characteristic that has been associated with the increased rate of a subsequently occurring disease. Stuart f., Stuart-Prower f. f. Stuart coagulation f. X. sun protection f. f. de protection solaire the ratio between the number of minimal erythema doses required to induce erythema through a film of sunscreen and that for unprotected skin. tissue f. f. tissulaire coagulation f. III. transforming growth f. (TGF) f. de croissance transformant any of several proteins secreted by transformed cells and causing growth of normal cells, although not causing transformation. tumor necrosis f. f. onconécrosant either of two lymphokines that cause hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumor cells but do not affect normal cells; they have been used as experimental anticancer agents. Tumor necrosis factor α (formerly cachectin) is produced by macrophages, eosinophils, and NK cells. Tumor necrosis factor β, is lymphotoxin. vascular endothelial growth f., vascular permeability f. (VEGF, VPF) f. de croissance endothélial vasculaire a peptide factor that is a mitogen of vascularendothelial cells; it promotes tissue vascularization and is important in tumor angiogenesis. von Willebrand f. (vWF) f. de von Willebrand a glycoprotein that circulates complexed to coagulation factor VIII, mediating adhesion of platelets to damaged epithelial surfaces. Deficiency results in von Willebrand disease.

facultative facultatif not obligatory; pertaining to the ability to adjust to particular circumstances or to assume a particular role.

faculty 1. faculté a normal power or function, especially of the mind. 2. personnel enseignant the teaching staff of an institution of learning.

FAD FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide.

fae- fae- for words beginning thus, see those beginning fe-.

failure insuffisance inability to perform or to function properly. acute congestive heart f. i. cardiaque congestive aiguë rapidly occurring cardiac output deficiency marked by venocapillary congestion, hypertension, and edema. backward heart f. i. cardiaque rétrograde a concept of heart failure emphasizing the causative contribution of passive engorgement of the systemic venous system, as a result of dysfunction in a ventricle and subsequent pressure increase behind it. bone marrow f. aplasie médullaire failure of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. congestive heart f. (CHF) i. cardiaque congestive that characterized by breathlessness and abnormal sodium and water retention, resulting in edema, with congestion of the lungs or peripheral circulation, or both. diastolic heart f. i. cardiaque diastolique heart failure due to a defect in ventricular filling caused by an abnormality in diastolic function. forward heart f. défaillance cardiaque antérograde a concept of heart failure that emphasizes the inadequacy of cardiac output relative to body needs and considers venous distention as secondary. heart f. i. cardiaque inability of the heart to pump blood at a rate adequate to fill tissue metabolic requirements or the ability to do so only at an elevated filling pressure; defined clinically as a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction with reduced exercise capacity and other characteristic hemodynamic, renal, neural, and hormonal responses. high-output heart f. i. cardiaque à débit élevé that in which cardiac output remains high; associated with hyperthyroidism, anemia, arteriovenous fistulas, beriberi, osteitis deformans, or sepsis. kidney f. i. rénale renal f. left-sided heart f., left ventricular f. i. cardiaque gauche failure of adequate output by the left ventricle, marked by pulmonary congestion and edema. low-output heart f. i. cardiaque avec chute de débit that in which cardiac output is decreased, as in most forms of heart disease, leading to manifestations of impaired peripheral circulation and vasoconstriction. premature ovarian f. i. ovarienne prématurée premature menopause. renal f. i. rénale inability of the kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under normal loading, or inability to retain electrolytes when intake is normal; in the acute form, marked by uremia and usually by oliguria, with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema. right-sided heart f., right ventricular f. i. cardiaque droite failure of adequate output by the right ventricle, marked by venous engorgement, hepatic enlargement, and pitting edema. systolic heart f. i. cardiaque systolique heart failure due to a defect in the expulsion of blood that is caused by an abnormality in systolic function. f. to thrive retard staturopondéral physical and developmental retardation in infants and small children, sometimes from physical illness and sometimes from psychosocial effects such as maternal deprivation.

faint évanouissement syncope.

falcate en forme de croissant falciform.

falcial falciforme pertaining to a falx.

falciform falciforme sickle-shaped.

falcular falculaire falciform.

falloposcopy falloposcopie endoscopic visualization of the uterine tubes using a nonincisional transvaginal and transuterine approach.

false-negative 1. faussement négatif denoting a test result that wrongly excludes an individual from a category. 2. faux négatif an individual so excluded. 3. faux négatif an instance of a false-negative result.

false-positive 1. faussement positif denoting a test result that wrongly assigns an individual to a category. 2. faux positif an individual so categorized. 3. faux positif an instance of a false-positive result.

falsification fabulation lying. retrospective f. falsification rétrospective unconscious distortion of past experiences to conform to present emotional needs.

falx faux pl. falces [L.] a sickle-shaped structure. f. cerebelli f. du cervelet a fold of dura mater separating the cerebellar hemispheres. f. cerebri f. du cerveau the fold of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure, separating the cerebral hemispheres. inguinal f., f. inguinalis f. inguinale, tendon conjoint a lateral expansion of the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis which attaches to the pubic bone.

famciclovir famciclovir a prodrug of penciclovir used in the treatment of herpes zoster, of herpes genitalis, and of mucocutaneous herpes simplex in immunocompromised patients.

familial familial occurring in or affecting more members of a family than would be expected by chance. Cf. genetic.

family famille 1. a group descended from a common ancestor. 2. a taxonomic subdivision subordinate to an order (or suborder) and superior to a tribe (or subfamily).

famotidine famotidine a histamine H₂ receptor antagonist, which inhibits gastric acid secretion; used in the treatment and prophylaxis of gastric or duodenal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and conditions associated with gastric hypersecretion.

F and R F et R force and rhythm (of pulse).

fang 1. croc a large canine tooth of a carnivore. 2. crochet the envenomed tooth of a snake.

Fannia Fannia a genus of flies whose larvae cause intestinal and urinary myiasis in humans.

fantasy fantasme an imagined sequence of events that can satisfy one’s unconscious wishes or express one’s unconscious conflicts.

FAPHA FAPHA Fellow of the American Public Health Association.

farad (F) farad the SI unit of electric capacitance; the capacitance of a condenser that charged with one coulomb gives a difference of potential of 1 volt.

faraday (F ) faraday the electric charge carried by one mole of electrons or one equivalent weight of ions, equal to 9.649 × 10⁴coulombs.

farcy farcin see glanders.

farsightedness hypermétropie hyperopia.

fascia fascia pl. fasciae [L.] a sheet or band of fibrous tissue such as lies deep to the skin or invests muscles and various body organs. Adj.: fascial. f. adherens f. adherens that portion of the junctional complex of the cells of an intercalated disk that is the counterpart of the zonula adherens of epithelial cells. Camper f. f. de Camper the fatty layer of the subcutaneous abdominal fascia, superficial to the membranous layer. f. cribrosa f. criblé the superficial fascia of the thigh covering the saphenous opening. endothoracic f. f. endothoracique that beneath the serous lining of the thoracic cavity. pharyngobasilar f. f. pharyngobasilaire a strong fibrous membrane in the wall of the pharynx, blending with the periosteum at the base of the skull. f. profunda f. profond a dense, firm, fibrous membrane investing the trunk and limbs and giving off sheaths to the various muscles. Scarpa f. f. de Scarpa the deep membranous layer of the subcutaneous abdominal fascia. f. of Tenon f. de Tenon see under capsule. Tyrrell f. f. de Tyrrell rectovesical septum.

fascicle fascicule 1. a small bundle or cluster, especially of nerve, tendon, or muscle fibers. 2. a tract, bundle, or group of nerve fibers that are more or less associated functionally.

fascicular fasciculaire 1. pertaining to a fasciculus. 2. fasciculated.

fasciculated fasciculé clustered together or occurring in bundles, or fasciculi.

fasciculation fasciculation 1. the formation of fascicles. 2. a small local involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin, representing spontaneous discharge of fibers innervated by a single motor nerve filament.

fasciculus fasciculus pl. fasciculi [L.] fascicle. cuneate f. of medulla oblongata f. du bulbe rachidien the continuation into the medulla oblongata of the cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord. cuneate f. of spinal cord f. cunéiforme de Burdach the lateral portion of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord, composed of ascending fibers that end in the nucleus cuneatus. gracile f. of medulla oblongata f. gracile du bulbe rachidien the continuation into the medulla oblongata of the gracile fasciculus of spinal cord. gracile f. of spinal cord f. gracile de la moelle épinière the median portion of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord, composed of ascending fibers that end in the nucleus gracilis. mammillothalamic f. f. mammillothalamique a stout bundle of fibers from the mammillary body to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.

fasciitis fasciite inflammation of a fascia. eosinophilic f. f. à éosinophiles inflammation of fasciae of the limbs, with eosinophilia, edema, and swelling, often after strenuous exercise. necrotizing f. f. nécrosante a fulminating gas-forming infection of the superficial and deep fascia, resulting in thrombosis of subcutaneous vessels and rapidly spreading gangrene of underlying tissues. nodular f. f. nodulaire a benign, reactive proliferation of fibroblasts in the subcutaneous tissues, commonly affecting the deep fascia, usually in young adults. proliferative f. f. proliférative a benign reactive proliferation of fibroblasts in subcutaneous tissues, resembling nodular fasciitis but characterized also by basophilic giant cells and occurrence in the skeletal muscles in older adults. pseudosarcomatous f. f. pseudosarcomateuse nodular f.

fasciodesis fasciodèse suture of a fascia to skeletal attachment.

Fasciola Fasciola a genus of flukes, including F. hepatica, the common liver fluke of herbivores, occasionally found in the human liver.

fasciola fasciola pl. fasciolae [L.]1. a small band or striplike structure. 2. a small bandage. Adj.: fasciolar.

fascioliasis fasciolase infection with Fasciola.

fasciolopsiasis fasciolopsiase infection with Fasciolopsis.

Fasciolopsis Fasciolopsis a genus of trematodes, including F. buski, the largest of the intestinal flukes, found in the small intestines of residents throughout Asia.

fasciotomy fasciotomie incision of a fascia.

FASHP FASHP Federation of Associations of Schools of Health Professions.

fast 1. résistant immovable, or unchangeable; resistant to the action of a specific agent, such as a stain or destaining agent. 2. jeûne abstention from food, or from food and liquid. 3. jeûner to abstain from food, or from food and liquid.

fastigium fastigium [L.] 1. the highest point in the roof of the fourth ventricle of the brain. 2. the acme, or highest point. Adj.: fastigial.

fasting jeûne abstinence from all food and drink except water for a prescribed period.

fat graisse 1. adipose tissue, forming soft pads between organs, smoothing and rounding out body contours, and furnishing a reserve supply of energy. 2. an ester of glycerol with fatty acids, usually oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid. polyunsaturated f. g. polyinsaturée one containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. saturated f. g. saturée one containing saturated fatty acids. unsaturated f. g. insaturée one containing unsaturated fatty acids.

fatal fatal mortal; lethal; causing death.

fatigability fatigabilité easy susceptibility to fatigue.

fatigue fatigue a state of increased discomfort and decreased efficiency due to prolonged or excessive exertion; loss of power or capacity to respond to stimulation. vocal f. f. vocale phonasthenia.

fatty gras pertaining to or characterized by fat.

fatty acid acide gras any straight chain monocarboxylic acid, especially those naturally occurring in fats. essential f. a. (EFA) a. g. essentiel any fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources, e.g., linoleic acid and linolenic acid. free f. a’s (FFA) a. g. libres nonesterified f. a’s. medium-chain f. a’s (MCFA) a. g. à chaîne moyenne those having a chain length roughly 8 to 12 carbons long; absorbed directly into the portal blood, bypassing the lymphatic system. monounsaturated f. a’s a. g. mono-insaturés unsaturated fatty acids containing a single double bond, occurring predominantly as oleic acid, in peanut, olive, and canola oils. nonesterified f. a’s (NEFA) a. g. non estérifiés the fraction of plasma fatty acids not in the form of glycerol esters. ω-3 f. a’s a. g. omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids in which the double bond nearest the methyl terminus is at the third carbon from the end; present in marine animal fats and some vegetable oils and shown to affect leukotriene, prostaglandin, lipoprotein, and lipid levels and composition. ω-6 f. a’s, omega-6 f. a’s a. g. Ω-6 unsaturated fatty acids in which the double bond nearest the methyl terminus is at the sixth carbon from the end, present predominantly in vegetable oils. polyunsaturated f. a’s (PUFA) a. g. polyinsaturés unsaturated fatty acids containing two or more double bonds, occurring predominantly as linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids, in vegetable and seed oils. saturated f. a’s a. g. saturés those without double bonds, occurring predominantly in animal fats and tropical oils or produced by hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. short-chain f. a’s (SCFA) a. g. à chaîne courte those having a chain length up to roughly 6 carbon atoms long, produced by bacterial anaerobic fermentation, particularly of dietary carbohydrates, in the large intestine; readily absorbed and metabolized. trans-f. a’s a. g. trans stereoisomers of the naturally occurring cis-fatty acids, found in margarines and shortenings as artifacts after hydrogenation. unsaturated f. a’s a. g. insaturés those containing one or more double bonds, predominantly in most plant-derived fats.

fauces gosier the passage between the throat and pharynx. Adj.: faucial.

faucitis faucite sore throat; inflammation of the fauces.

fauna faune the collective animal organisms of a given locality.

faveolate favéolé alveolate.

favism favisme an acute hemolytic anemia precipitated by fava beans (ingestion, or inhalation of pollen), usually caused by deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the erythrocytes.

favus favus a type of tinea, usually of the scalp but sometimes affecting glabrous skin, with formation of scutula, which may enlarge and coalesce to form prominent honeycomb-like masses; due to infection by the fungus Trichophyton, usually T. schoenleinii.

Fc Fc fragment, crystallizable; a fragment by papain digestion of immunoglobulin molecules. It contains most of the antigenic determinants.

Fcb’ Fc’ a fragment produced in minute quantities by papain digestion of immunoglobulin molecules. It contains the principal part of the C terminal portion of two Fc fragments.

Fd Fd the heavy chain portion of a Fab fragment produced by papain digestion of an IgG molecule.

FDA FDA Food and Drug Administration.

FDI IDA Fédération Dentaire Internationale (International Dental Association).

Fe Fe iron (L. ferrum).

fear peur the unpleasant emotional state consisting of psychological and psychophysiological responses to a real external threat or danger, including agitation, alertness, tension, and mobilization of the alarm reaction.

fecal fécal pertaining to or of the nature of feces.

fecalith fécalithe coprolith; an intestinal concretion formed around a center of fecal matter.

fecaloid fécaloïde resembling feces.

feces fèces [L.] waste matter discharged from the intestine.

feculent 1. féculent having dregs or sediment. 2. fécal pertaining to or of the nature of feces.

fecundability fécondabilité the probability that conception will occur in a given population of couples during a specific time period.

fecundation fécondation fertilization.

fecundity fécondité 1. in demography, the physiological ability to reproduce, as opposed to fertility. 2. ability to produce offspring rapidly and in large numbers.

feedback feed-back the return of some of the output of a system as input so as to exert some control in the process; feedback is negative when the return exerts an inhibitory control, positive when it exerts a stimulatory effect.

feedforward feedforward the anticipatory effect that one intermediate in a metabolic or endocrine control system exerts on another intermediate further along in the pathway; such effect may be positive or negative.

feeding alimentation the taking or giving of food. artificial f. a. artificielle feeding of a baby with food other than mother’s milk. breast f. allaitement see under B. forced f. a. forcée administration of food by force to those who cannot or will not receive it.

FEF DEM forced expiratory flow.

female femelle 1. an individual organism of the sex that bears young or produces ova or eggs. 2. feminine.

feminine féminin 1. pertaining to the female sex. 2. having qualities normally associated with females.

felbamate felbamate an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy.

fellatio fellation oral stimulation or manipulation of the penis.

felodipine félodipine a calcium channel blocker used as a vasodilator in the treatment of hypertension.

felon panaris whitlow.

feltwork feutrage a complex of closely interwoven fibers, as of nerve fibers.

feminization féminisation 1. the normal development of primary and secondary sex characters in females. 2. the induction or development of female secondary sex characters in the male. testicular f. f. testiculaire complete androgen resistance.

femoral fémoral pertaining to the femur or to the thigh.

femorocele hernie crurale femoral hernia.

femto- femto- word element [Danish], fifteen; used in naming units of measurement to indicate one quadrillionth (10^{− 15}) of the unit designated by the root with which it is combined; symbol f.

femur fémur pl. femora, femurs [L.] 1. thigh bone; the longest and largest bone in the body, extending from the pelvis to the knee; its head articulates with the hip bone, and distally, along with the patella and tibia, it forms the knee joint. See Plate 1.2. thigh.

fenestra fenestra pl. fenestrae [L.] a window-like opening. f. cochleae fenêtre cochléaire round window. f. vestibuli fenêtre vestibulaire oval window.

fenestrated fenêtré pierced with one or more openings.

fenestration fenestration 1. the act of perforating or condition of being perforated. 2. the surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for restoration of hearing in otosclerosis. aorticopulmonary f. f. aortopulmonaire aortic septal defect.

fenfluramine fenfluramine an amphetamine derivative, formerly used as an anorectic in the form of the hydrochloride salt.

feng shui feng shui [Chinese] the Chinese art of positioning objects based on the premise that arrangement affects the balance of yin and yang and the flow of qi within an area, which can have positive or negative effects, including effects on health.

fennel fenouil the flowering herb Foeniculum vulgare, or its edible seeds, which are used as a source of fennel oil.

fenofibrate fénofibrate an antihyperlipidemic agent used to reduce elevated serum lipids.

fenoldopam fénoldopam a vasodilator used for short-term, inpatient management of severe hypertension; used as the mesylate salt.

fenoprofen fénoprofène a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used as the calcium salt in the treatment of rheumatic and nonrheumatic inflammatory disorders, pain, dysmenorrhea, and vascular headaches.

fentanyl fentanyl an opioid analgesic; the citrate salt is used as an adjunct to anesthesia, in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, in combination with droperidol (or similar agent) as a neuroleptanalgesic, and in the management of chronic severe pain.

fenugreek fenugrec the leguminous plant Trigonella foenum-graecum, or its seeds, which are used for loss of appetite and skin inflammations; also used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Indian medicine.

ferment fermenter to undergo fermentation; used for the decomposition of carbohydrates.

fermentation fermentation the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to simpler compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, producing energy in the form of ATP.

fermium (Fm) fermium chemical element (see Table of Elements), at. no. 100.

ferning cristallisation en feuille de fougère the appearance of a fernlike pattern in a dried specimen of cervical mucus or vaginal fluid, an indication of the presence of estrogen.

-ferous -fère word element [L.], bearing; producing.

ferredoxin ferrédoxine a nonheme ironcontaining protein having a very low redox potential; the ferredoxins participate in electron transport in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and various other biological processes.

ferric ferrique containing iron in its plus-three oxidation state, Fe(III) (also written Fe³⁺). f. chloride chlorure f. FeCl₃·6H₂O; used as a reagent and as a diagnostic aid in phenylketonuria.

ferritin ferritine the iron-apoferritin complex, one of the chief forms in which iron is stored in the body.

ferrokinetics cinétique du fer the turnover or rate of change of iron in the body; the rate at which it is cleared from the plasma and incorporated into red cells.

ferroprotein ferroprotéine a protein combined with an iron-containing radical; ferroproteins are respiratory carriers.

ferrous ferreux containing iron in its plus-two oxidation state, Fe(II) (sometimes designated Fe²⁺). Various salts are used in iron deficiency, including iron fumarate, iron gluconate, and iron sulfate.

ferruginous 1. martial containing iron or iron rust. 2. ferrugineux of the color of iron rust.

fertility fertilité 1. the capacity to conceive or induce conception. Adj.: fertile. 2. see under rate.

fertilization fécondation impregnation; union of male and female gametes to form the diploid zygote, leading to development of a new individual. external f. f. externe union of the gametes outside the bodies of the originating organisms, as in most fish. internal f. f. interne union of the gametes inside the body of the female, the sperm having been transferred from the body of the male by an accessory sex organ or other means. in vitro f. f. in vitro removal of a secondary oocyte, fertilization of it in a culture medium in the laboratory, and placement of the dividing zygote into the uterus.

fervescence hyperthermie increase of fever or body temperature.

FES ESF functional electrical stimulation.

fester suppurer to suppurate superficially.

festination festination an involuntary tendency to take short accelerating steps in walking.

festoon feston a carving in the base material of a denture that simulates the contours of the natural tissues being replaced.

fetal fœtal of or pertaining to a fetus or the period of its development.

fetalization fœtalisation retention in the adult of characters that at an earlier stage of evolution were only infantile and were rapidly lost as the organism attained maturity.

fetation gestation 1. development of the fetus. 2. pregnancy.

feticide fœticide the destruction of the fetus.

fetid fétide having a rank, disagreeable smell.

fetish fétiche 1. a material object, such as an idol or charm, believed to have supernatural powers. 2. an inanimate object used to obtain sexual gratification.

fetishism fétichisme 1. worship of fetishes. 2. a paraphilia marked by recurrent sexual urges for and fantasies of using fetishes, usually articles of women’s clothing, for sexual arousal or orgasm. transvestic f. travesti fétichiste a paraphilia of heterosexual males, characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, arousal, or orgasm associated with fantasized or actual dressing in clothing of the opposite sex.

fet(o)- fet(o)- word element [L.], fetus.

fetology fœtologie the branch of medicine dealing with the fetus in utero.

fetometry fœtométrie measurement of the fetus, especially of its head.

fetopathy fœtopathie a disease or disorder seen in a fetus.

α-fetoprotein α-fœtoprotéine alpha fetoprotein.

fetor fœtor stench, or offensive odor. f. hepaticus f. hepaticus the peculiar odor of the breath characteristic of hepatic disease.

fetoscope fœtoscope 1. a specially designed stethoscope for listening to the fetal heart beat. 2. an endoscope for viewing the fetus in utero.

fetus fœtus [L.] the developing young in the uterus, specifically the unborn offspring in the postembryonic period, in humans from nine weeks after fertilization until birth. harlequin f. f. arlequin an infant with a severe and usually lethal form of congenital ichthyosis, manifested by hyperkeratosis with rigid skin. mummified f. f. momifié a dried-up and shriveled fetus. f. papyraceus f. papyraceus a dead fetus pressed flat by the growth of a living twin. parasitic f. f. parasite in asymmetrical conjoined twins, an incomplete minor fetus attached to a larger, more completely developed twin.

FEV VEMS forced expiratory volume.

fever fièvre 1. pyrexia; elevation of body temperature above the normal (37°C). 2. any disease characterized by elevation of body temperature. Adj.: febrile, feverish. African tick f., African tick-bite f. f. à tiques africaine 1. a type of spotted fever seen in southern Africa, caused by infection with Rickettsia africae and spread by the bites of ticks of the genus Amblyomma 2. a type of relapsing fever caused by Borrelia duttonii. aseptic f. f. aseptique fever associated with aseptic wounds, presumably due to the disintegration of leukocytes or to the absorption of avascular or traumatized tissue. blackwater f. f. bilieuse hémoglobinurique a dangerous complication of falciparum malaria, with passage of dark red to black urine, severe toxicity, and high mortality. boutonneuse f. f. boutonneuse méditerranéenne a type of tickbite fever endemic from the Mediterranean area across Central Asia to India, due to infection with Rickettsia conorii, with chills, fever, primary skin lesion (tache noire), and rash appearing on the second to fourth day. cat-scratch f. lymphoréticulose bénigne d’inoculation see under disease. central f. f. centrale sustained fever resulting from damage to the thermoregulatory centers of the hypothalamus. childbed f. f. des suites de couches puerperal f. Colorado tick f. f. à tiques du Colorado a nonexanthematous tick-bite fever caused by an arenavirus and seen in the western United States and Canada. continued f. f. continue one that varies only slightly in 24 hours. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic f. f. hémorragique de Crimée a sometimes fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by a bunyavirus, transmitted by ticks and by contact with blood, secretions, or fluids from infected animals or humans; it occurs from southern Russia across Central Asia, as well as in sub-Saharan Africa. drug f. f. médicamenteuse febrile reaction to a therapeutic agent, such as a vaccine, antineoplastic, or antibiotic. enteric f. f. entérique any of a group of febrile illnesses with enteric symptoms caused by Salmonella species, especially typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. epidemic hemorrhagic f. f. hémorragique épidémique an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, purpura, peripheral vascular collapse, and acute renal failure, caused by viruses of the genus Hantavirus, thought to be transmitted to humans by contact with saliva and excreta of infected rodents. familial Mediterranean f. f. méditerranéenne familiale a hereditary disease usually seen in Armenians and Sephardic Jews, with short recurrent attacks of fever, pain in the abdomen, chest, or joints, and erythema like that of erysipelas; it may be complicated by amyloidosis. Haverhill f. streptobacillose the bacillary form of rat-bite fever contracted by ingestion of contaminated raw milk or its products. hay f. rhume des foins a seasonal form of allergic rhinitis, with acute conjunctivitis, lacrimation, itching, swelling of the nasal mucosa, nasal catarrh, and attacks of sneezing, an anaphylactic or allergic reaction excited by a specific allergen (such as pollen). hemorrhagic f’s f. hémorragiques viral hemorrhagic fevers; a group of diverse, severe viral infections seen around the world but mainly in the tropics, usually transmitted to humans by arthropod bites or contact with virus-infected rodents; they all have certain common features, including fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, thrombocytopenia, shock, and neurologic disturbances. humidifier f. f. des humidificateurs malaise, fever, cough, and myalgia caused by inhalation of air that has been passed through humidifiers, dehumidifiers, or air conditioners contaminated by fungi, amebas, or thermophilic actinomycetes. intermittent f. f. intermittente an attack of malaria or other fever, with recurring fever episodes separated by times of normal temperature. Japanese spotted f. f. boutonneuse japonaise an acute infection occurring in Japan and caused by Rickettsia japonica, transmitted by ticks of the family Ixodidae; characterized by fever and headache and the appearance of an eschar and rash. Katayama f. f. de Katayama fever associated with severe schistosomiasis, accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly and by eosinophilia. Lassa f. f. de Lassa a highly fatal, acute, febrile disease seen in West Africa, caused by a virulent arenavirus and characterized by increasing prostration, sore throat, ulcerations of the mouth or throat, rash, and general aching. metal fume f. f. des fondeurs a disease of welders and others working with volatilized metals, marked by sudden thirst, metallic taste in the mouth, high fever with chills, sweating, and leukocytosis. mud f. maladie de la crête bleue a type of leptospirosis seen in workers in flooded fields and swamps in Germany and Russia. nonseasonal hay f., hay f., perennial rhume des foins non saisonnier nonseasonal allergic rhinitis. Oroya f. f. d’Oroya the first stage of bartonellosis, with frequently fatal hemolytic anemia . paratyphoid f. f. paratyphoïde a febrile illness clinically indistinguishable from typhoid fever, but usually milder and caused by different species of Salmonella. parrot f. f. des perroquets psittacosis. pharyngoconjunctival f. f. pharyngoconjonctivale an epidemic disease due to an adenovirus, seen mainly in schoolchildren, with fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. phlebotomus f. f. à phlébotomes a febrile viral disease of short duration, transmitted by the bite of the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi, with dengue-like symptoms, seen in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. polymer fume f. f. des polymères an occupational disorder due to exposure to the products of combustion of polymers such as Teflon; the manifestations are quite similar to those of metal fume fever. Pontiac f. f. de Pontiac a selflimited disease marked by fever, cough, muscle aches, chills, headache, chest pain, confusion, and pleuritis, caused by a strain of Legionella pneumophila. pretibial f. f. prétibiale a type of leptospirosis marked by a rash on the pretibial region, with lumbar and postorbital pain, malaise, coryza, and fever. puerperal f. f. puerpérale fever with septicemia after childbirth, with the focus of infection most often being in the uterus; it is usually due to a streptococcus. Q f. f. Q a febrile rickettsial infection, usually respiratory, first described in Australia, caused by Coxiella burnetii. rat-bite f. f. par morsure de rat, sodoku either of two clinically similar acute infectious diseases with high fever and a rash, usually transmitted through a rat bite. The bacillary form is caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis and the spirillary form is caused by Spirillum minor. recurrent f. f. récurrente 1. a paroxysmal fever that recurs, as in diseases such as malaria and tularemia. 2. relapsing f. relapsing f. borréliose either of two infectious diseases due to species of Borrelia. Tick-borne relapsing f. is endemic wherever certain ticks are found, and louse-borne relapsing f. is spread by the human body louse when people live in crowded, unsanitary conditions. Both are marked by alternating periods of fever and apyrexia that last 5 to 7 days. remittent f. f. rémittente one that shows significant variations in 24 hours but without return to normal temperature. rheumatic f. rhumatisme articulaire aigu a febrile disease that is a sequela to Group A hemolytic streptococcal infections, with multiple focal inflammatory lesions of connective tissue structures, especially of the heart, blood vessels, and joints; Sydenham chorea; and Aschoff bodies in the myocardium and skin. Rocky Mountain spotted f. f. pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by ticks, marked by fever, muscle pain, and weakness followed by a macular petechial eruption that begins on the hands and feet and spreads to the trunk and face, with other symptoms in the central nervous system and elsewhere. sandfly f. f. à pappatacci phlebotomus fever. scarlet f. scarlatine an acute disease caused by Group A β-hemolytic streptococci, marked by pharyngotonsillitis and a skin rash caused by an exotoxin produced by the streptococcus; the rash is diffuse and bright red and may be followed by desquamation. spotted f. f. exanthématique any of various tick-bite fevers due to rickettsiae, characterized by skin eruptions, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever or boutonneuse fever. tick f., tick-bite f. f. à tiques any febrile condition spread by a tick vector, such as relapsing fever or the spotted fevers. trench f. f. des tranchées a louse-borne rickettsial disease due to Bartonella quintana, transmitted by the body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, and characterized by intermittent fever, generalized aches and pains, particularly severe in the shins, chills, sweating, vertigo, malaise, typhuslike rash, and multiple relapses. typhoid f. f. typhoïde infection by Salmonella typhi chiefly involving the lymphoid follicles of the ileum, with chills, fever, headache, cough, prostration, abdominal distention, splenomegaly, and a maculopapular rash; perforation of the bowel may occur in untreated cases. f. of unknown origin (FUO) f. d’origine inconnue a febrile illness of at least three weeks’ duration (some authorities permit a shorter duration), with a temperature of at least 38.3°C on at least three occasions and failure to establish a diagnosis in spite of intensive inpatient or outpatient evaluation (three outpatient visits or three days’ hospitalization). viral hemorrhagic f’s f. hémorragique virale hemorrhagic f’s. West Nile f. f. du Nil see under encephalitis. yellow f. f. jaune an acute, infectious, mosquito-borne viral disease, endemic in tropical Central and South America and Africa, marked by fever, jaundice due to necrosis of the liver, and albuminuria.

feverfew grande camomille the dried leaves of the herb Tanacetum parthenium, used for migraine, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, and allergy, and for various uses in folk medicine.

fexofenadine fexofénadine an antihistamine (H₁-receptor antagonist) used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of hay fever and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

FFA AGL free fatty acids.

FIAC FIAC Fellow of the International Academy of Cytology.

fiber fibre 1. an elongated, threadlike structure. 2. nerve f. 3. dietary f. A f’s f. A myelinated afferent or efferent fibers of the somatic nervous system having a diameter of 1 to 22 μm and a conduction velocity of 5 to 120 meters per second; they include the alpha, beta, delta, and gamma fibers. accelerating f’s, accelerator f’s f. cardioaccélératrices adrenergic fibers that transmit the impulses which accelerate the heart beat. adrenergic f’s f. adrénergiques nerve fibers, usually sympathetic, that liberate epinephrine or related substances as neurotransmitters. afferent f’s, afferent nerve f’s f. afférentes nerve fibers that convey sensory impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. alpha f’s f. alpha motor and proprioceptive fibers of the A type, having conduction velocities of 70 to 120 meters per second and ranging from 13 to 22 μm in diameter. alveolar f’s f. desmodontales fibers of the periodontal ligament extending from the cementum of the tooth root to the walls of the alveolus. arcuate f’s f. arquées the bow-shaped fibers in the brain, such as those connecting adjacent gyri in the cerebral cortex, or the external or internal arcuate fibers of the medulla oblongata. association f. f. d’association one of the nerve fibers connecting different cortical areas within one hemisphere. autonomic nerve f’s f. nerveuse autonome nerve fibers that innervate smooth muscle and glandular tissues, either stimulating and activating the muscle or tissue (autonomic efferent f’s) or receiving sensory impulses from them (autonomic afferent f’s). B f’s f. B myelinated preganglionic autonomic axons having a fiber diameter of ≤ 3 μm and a conduction velocity of 3 to 15 meters per second; these include only efferent fibers. basilar f’s f. basilaires those that form the middle layer of the zona arcuata and the zona pectinata of the organ of Corti. beta f’s f. bêta motor and proprioceptive fibers of the A type, having conduction velocities of 30 to 70 meters per second and ranging from 8 to 13 μm in diameter. C f’s f. C unmyelinated postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system, also the unmyelinated fibers at the dorsal roots and at free nerve endings, having a conduction velocity of 0.6 to 2.3 meters per second and a diameter of 0.3 to 1.3 μm. collagen f’s, collagenous f’s f. de collagène the soft, flexible, white fibers that are the most characteristic constituent of all types of connective tissue, consisting of the protein collagen, and composed of bundles of fibrils that are in turn made up of smaller unit fibrils, which show a characteristic crossbanding. commissural f. f. commissurale interhémisphérique one of the nerve fibers which pass between the cortex of opposite hemispheres of the brain, or between two sides of the brain stem or spinal cord. dietary f. f. alimentaire that part of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts that resists digestion in the gastrointestinal tract; it consists of carbohydrate (cellulose, etc.) and lignin. efferent f’s, efferent nerve f’s f. efférentes nerve fibers that convey motor impulses away from the central nervous system toward the periphery. elastic f’s f. élastiques yellowish fibers of elastic quality traversing the intercellular substance of connective tissue. fusimotor f’s f. fusimotrices efferent A fibers that innervate the intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle. gamma f’s f. gamma any A fibers that conduct at velocities of 15 to 40 meters per second and range from 3 to 7 μm in diameter, comprising the fusimotor fibers. gray f’s f. de Remak, f. grises unmyelinated nerve fibers found largely in the sympathetic nerves. insoluble f. f. insoluble that not soluble in water, composed mainly of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses and primarily found in the bran layers of cereal grains. intrafusal f’s f. intrafusales modified muscle fibers which, surrounded by fluid and enclosed in a connective tissue envelope, compose the muscle spindle. Mahaim f’s f. de Mahaim specialized tissue connecting components of the conduction system directly to the ventricular septum. motor f’s f. motrices efferent fibers. Müller f’s f. de Müller elongated neuroglial cells traversing all the layers of the retina, forming its principal supporting element. muscle f. f. musculaire any of the cells of skeletal or cardiac muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical multinucleate cells containing contracting myofibrils, across which run transverse striations. Cardiac muscle fibers have one or sometimes two nuclei, contain myofibrils, and are separated from one another by an intercalated disk; although striated, cardiac muscle fibers branch to form an interlacing network. See Plate 7. myelinated f’s f. myélinisées grayish white nerve fibers whose axons are encased in a myelin sheath, which may in turn be enclosed by a neurilemma. nerve f. f. nerveuse a slender process of a neuron, especially the prolonged axon which conducts nerve impulses away from the cell; classified as either afferent or efferent according to the direction the impulses flow, and either myelinated or unmyelinated according to whether there is or is not a myelin sheath. See Plate 14. osteogenetic f’s, osteogenic f’s f. ostéogéniques precollagenous fibers formed by osteoclasts and becoming the fibrous component of bone matrix. preganglionic f’s f. préganglionnaires the axons of preganglionic neurons. pressor f’s f. vasomotrices nerve fibers which, when stimulated reflexly, cause or increase vasomotor tone. projection f., projection nerve f’s f. de projection one of the nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex with the subcortical centers, the brain stem, and the spinal cord. Purkinje f’s f. de Purkinje modified cardiac muscle fibers composed of Purkinje cells, occurring as an interlaced network in the subendothelial tissue and constituting the terminal ramifications of the cardiac conducting system. radicular f’s f. radiculaires fibers in the roots of the spinal nerves. reticular f’s f. réticulées, f. de réticuline immature connective tissue fibers staining with silver, forming the reticular framework of lymphoid and myeloid tissue, and occurring in interstitial tissue of glandular organs, the papillary layer of the dermis, and elsewhere. sensory f’s f. sensorielles afferent fibers. Sharpey f’s f. de Sharpey 1. collagenous fibers that pass from the periosteum and are embedded in the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone. 2. terminal portions of principal fibers that insert into the cementum of a tooth. soluble f. f. soluble that with an affinity for water, either dissolving or swelling to form a gel; it includes gums, pectins, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses, and is primarily found in fruits, vegetables, oats, barley, legumes, and seaweed. somatic nerve f’s f. nerveuses somatiques nerve fibers that stimulate and activate skeletal muscle and somatic tissues (somatic efferent f’s) or receive impulses from them (somatic afferent f’s). spindle f’s f. fusiformes the microtubules radiating from the centrioles during mitosis and forming a spindle-shaped configuration. unmyelinated f’s f. amyéliniques nerve fibers that lack the myelin sheath. vasomotor f’s f. vasomotrices unmyelinated nerve fibers going chiefly to arteriolar muscles. visceral nerve f’s f. nerveuses viscérales autonomic nerve f’s. white f’s f. blanches collagenous f’s.

fiber-illuminated fibres optiques (à) transmitting light by bundles of glass or plastic fibers, using a lens system to transmit the image; said of endoscopes of such design.

fiberoptics optique des fibres the transmission of an image along flexible bundles of glass or plastic fibers, each of which carries an element of the image.

fibra fibra pl. fibrae [L.] fiber.

fibrates fibrates general term for fibric acid (q.v.) derivatives.

fibric acid acide fibrique any of a group of compounds structurally related to clofibrate that can reduce plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol; used to treat hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.

fibril fibrille a minute fiber or filament. Adj.: fibrillar, fibrillary. collagen f’s f. de collagène delicate fibrils of collagen in connective tissue, composed of molecules of tropocollagen aggregated in linear array. In some types of collagen, the fibrils are aggregated to form larger fibrils, which may themselves be aggregated to form collagen fibers. dentinal f’s fibres de Tomes component fibrils of the dentinal matrix. muscle f. f. musculaire myofibril.

fibrilla fibrilla pl. fibrillae [L.] a fibril.

fibrillation fibrillation 1. the quality of being made up of fibrils. 2. a small, local, involuntary, muscular contraction, due to spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibers whose nerve supply has been damaged or cut off. 3. the initial degenerative changes in osteoarthritis, marked by softening of the articular cartilage and development of vertical clefts between groups of cartilage cells. atrial f. f. auriculaire atrial arrhythmia marked by rapid randomized contractions of small areas of the atrial myocardium, causing a totally irregular, and often rapid, ventricular rate. ventricular f. f. ventriculaire cardiac arrhythmia marked by fibrillary contractions of the ventricular muscle due to rapid repetitive excitation of myocardial fibers without coordinated ventricular contraction and by absence of atrial activity.

fibrin fibrine an insoluble protein that is essential to clotting of blood, formed from fibrinogen by action of thrombin.

fibrinocellular fibrinocellulaire made up of fibrin and cells.

fibrinogen fibrinogène coagulation factor I.

fibrinogenic fibrinogénique producing or causing the formation of fibrin.

fibrinogenolysis fibrinogénolyse the proteolytic destruction of fibrinogen in circulating blood. Adj.: fibrinogenolytic.

fibrinogenopenia fibrinogénopénie hypofibrinogenemia.

fibrinoid fibrinoïde 1. resembling fibrin. 2. a homogeneous, eosinophilic, relatively acellular refractile substance with some of the staining properties of fibrin.

fibrinolysin 1. fibrinolysine plasmin. 2. fibrinolysine plasmine a preparation of proteolytic enzyme formed from profibrinolysin (plasminogen); to promote dissolution of thrombi.

fibrinolysis fibrinolyse dissolution of fibrin by enzymatic action. Adj.: fibrinolytic.

fibrinopeptide fibrinopeptide either of two peptides (A and B) split off from fibrinogen during coagulation by the action of thrombin.

fibrinopurulent fibrinopurulent characterized by the presence of both fibrin and pus.

fibrinous fibrineux pertaining to or of the nature of fibrin.

fibrinuria fibrinurie the presence of fibrin in the urine.

fibr(o)- fibr(o)- word element [L.], fiber; fibrous.

fibroadenoma fibroadénome adenofibroma. giant f. of breast f. géant du sein phyllodes tumor.

fibroadipose fibroadipeux both fibrous and fatty.

fibroareolar fibroaréolaire both fibrous and areolar.

fibroblast fibroblaste 1. an immature fiberproducing cell of connective tissue capable of differentiating into chondroblast, collagenoblast, or osteoblast. 2. collagenoblast; the collagen-producing cell. They also proliferate at the site of chronic inflammation. Adj.: fibroblastic.

fibroblastoma fibroblastome any tumor arising from fibroblasts, divided into fibromas and fibrosarcomas.

fibrobronchitis fibrobronchite fibrinous bronchitis.

fibrocalcific fibrocalcifiant pertaining to or characterized by partially calcified fibrous tissue.

fibrocarcinoma fibrocarcinome scirrhous carcinoma.

fibrocartilage fibrocartilage cartilage of parallel, thick, compact collagenous bundles, separated by narrow clefts containing the typical cartilage cells (chondrocytes). Adj.: fibrocartilaginous. elastic f. f. élastique that containing elastic fibers. interarticular f. f. interarticulaire articular disk.

fibrocartilago fibrocartilago pl. fibrocartilagines [L.] fibrocartilage.

fibrochondritis fibrochondrite inflammation of fibrocartilage.

fibrocollagenous fibrocollagène both fibrous and collagenous; pertaining to or composed of fibrous tissue mainly composed of collagen.

fibrocystic fibrokystique characterized by an overgrowth of fibrous tissue and development of cystic spaces, especially in a gland.

fibrocyte fibrocyte fibroblast.

fibrodysplasia fibrodysplasie abnormality in development of fibrous connective tissue.

fibroelastic fibroélastique both fibrous and elastic.

fibroelastosis fibroélastose overgrowth of fibroelastic elements. endocardial f. f. de l’endocarde diffuse patchy thickening of the mural endocardium, particularly in the left ventricle, due to proliferation of collagenous and elastic tissue; often associated with congenital cardiac malformations.

fibroepithelial fibroépithélial having fibrous and epithelial elements.

fibroepithelioma fibroépithéliome a tumor composed of both fibrous and epithelial elements.

fibrofolliculoma fibrofolliculome a benign adnexal tumor of perifollicular connective tissue, occurring as one or more yellow, dome-shaped papules, usually on the face.

fibrohistiocytic fibrohistiocytaire having fibrous and histiocytic elements.

fibroid 1. fibroïde having a fibrous structure; resembling a fibroma. 2. fibrome fibroma. 3. fibrome leiomyoma. 4. fibrome (in the pl.) a colloquial term for leiomyoma of the uterus.

fibroidectomy fibromectomie uterine myomectomy.

fibrolamellar fibrolamellaire characterized by the formation of fibers of collagen in layers.

fibrolipoma fibrolipome a lipoma with excessive fibrous tissue. Adj.: fibrolipomatous.

fibroma fibrome pl. fibromas, fibromata a tumor composed mainly of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. ameloblastic f. f. améloblastique an odontogenic tumor marked by simultaneous proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, without formation of enamel or dentin. cementifying f. f. cémentant a tumor of fibroblastic tissue containing masses of cementum-like tissue, usually in the mandible of older persons. central odontogenic f. f. odontogène central a rare, benign, unencapsulated, odontogenic tumor of the jaw, usually the mandible, characterized by islands of odontogenic epithelium within fibrous connective tissue and sometimes by calcifications. chondromyxoid f. f. chondromyxoïde a rare, benign, slowly growing tumor of bone of chondroblastic origin, usually affecting the large long bones of the lower limb. cystic f. f. kystique one that has undergone cystic degeneration. f. molle, f. molluscum f. mou acrochordon. nonossifying f., nonosteogenic f. f. non ossifiant a degenerative, proliferative lesion of the medullary and cortical tissues of bone. odontogenic f. f. odontogène see central odontogenic f. and peripheral odontogenic f. ossifying f., ossifying f. of bone f. ossifiant a benign, slow-growing, central bone tumor, usually of the jaws, especially the mandible, composed of fibrous connective tissue within which bone is formed. perifollicular f. f. périfolliculaire a type of benign, small, flesh-colored, papular, follicular adnexal tumor on the head or neck, sometimes found in groups. peripheral odontogenic f. f. odontogène périphérique an extraosseous counterpart to a central odontogenic fibroma; it is a gingival mass of vascularized fibrous connective tissue with strands of odontogenic epithelium. peripheral ossifying f. f. ossifiant périphérique epulis; a fibroma, usually of the gingiva, showing areas of calcification or ossification. periungual f. f. périunguéal one of multiple smooth, firm, protruding nodules occurring at the nail folds, pathognomonic of tuberous sclerosis. soft f. f. mou acrochordon.

fibromatosis fibromatose 1. the presence of multiple fibromas. 2. the formation of a fibrous, tumor-like nodule arising from the deep fascia, with a tendency to local recurrence. aggressive f. f. envahissant desmoid tumor, particularly one that is extra-abdominal. f. gingivae, gingival f. f. gingivale noninflammatory fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva manifested as a dense, diffuse, smooth or nodular overgrowth of the gingival tissues. palmar f. f. palmaire fibromatosis of palmar fascia, resulting in Dupuytren contracture. plantar f. f. plantaire fibromatosis of plantar fascia, with single or multiple nodular swellings, sometimes with pain but usually without contractures.

fibromuscular fibromusculaire composed of fibrous and muscular tissue.

fibromyitis fibromyosite inflammation of muscle with fibrous degeneration.

fibromyoma fibromyome a myoma containing fibrous elements.

fibromyxoma fibromyxome myxofibroma.

fibromyxosarcoma fibromyxosarcome a sarcoma containing fibromatous and myxomatous elements.

fibronectin fibronectine an adhesive glycoprotein: one form circulates in plasma and acts as an opsonin; another is a cell-surface protein that mediates cellular adhesive interactions.

fibro-odontoma fibro-odontome a tumor containing both fibrous and odontogenic elements.

fibropapilloma fibropapillome fibroepithelial papilloma.

fibroplasia fibroplasie the formation of fibrous tissue. Adj.: fibroplastic. retrolental f. (RLF) f. rétrocristallinienne retinopathy of prematurity.

fibrosarcoma fibrosarcome a malignant, locally invasive, hematogenously spreading tumor derived from collagen-producing fibroblasts that are otherwise undifferentiated. ameloblastic f. f. améloblastique an odontogenic tumor that is the malignant counterpart to an ameloblastic fibroma, within which it usually arises. odontogenic f. f. odontogène a malignant tumor of the jaws, originating from one of the mesenchymal components of the tooth or tooth germ.

fibrose 1. fibroser to form fibrous tissue. 2. fibreux fibrous.

fibrosis fibrose formation of fibrous tissue. Adj.: fibrotic. congenital hepatic f. f. hépatique congénitale a developmental disorder of the liver marked by formation of irregular broad bands of fibrous tissue containing multiple cysts formed by disordered terminal bile ducts, resulting in vascular constriction and portal hypertension. cystic f. f. kystique a lethal autosomal recessive disorder in which there is widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, signs of chronic pulmonary disease, pancreatic deficiency, abnormally high levels of electrolytes in the sweat, and obstruction of pancreatic ducts by amorphous eosinophilic concretions with consequent deficiency of pancreatic enzymes. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. endomyocardial f. f. endomyocardique idiopathic myocardiopathy seen endemically in parts of Africa and less often in other areas, characterized by cardiomegaly, thickening of the endocardium with dense, white fibrous tissue that often extends to involve the inner third or half of the myocardium, and congestive heart failure. idiopathic pulmonary f. f. pulmonaire idiopathique chronic inflammation and progessive fibrosis of the pulmonary alveolar walls, with progressive dyspnea and potentially fatal lack of oxygen or right heart failure. The acute form is called Hamman-Rich syndrome. mediastinal f. f. médiastinale fibrous mediastinitis; development of white, hard fibrous tissue in the upper portion of the mediastinum, sometimes obstructing the air passages and large blood vessels. nodular subepidermal f. f. sous-épidermique nodulaire 1. benign fibrous histiocytoma. 2. a type of benign fibrous histiocytoma marked by subepidermal formation of fibrous nodules as a result of productive inflammation. pleural f. f. pleurale fibrosis of the visceral pleura so that part or all of a lung becomes covered with a thick layer of nonexpansible fibrous tissue; fibrothorax is a more extensive form. proliferative f. f. proliférative that in which the fibrous elements continue to proliferate after the original causative factor has ceased to operate. pulmonary f. f. pulmonaire idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. retroperitoneal f. f. rétropéritonéale deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space, producing abdominal discomfort and often blockage of the ureters, with resultant hydronephrosis and impaired renal function, which may result in renal failure.

fibrositis fibrosite inflammatory hyperplasia of the white fibrous tissue, especially of the muscle sheaths and fascial layers of the locomotor system.

fibrothorax fibrothorax adhesion of the two layers of pleura, so that the lung is covered by a thick layer of nonexpansible fibrous tissue (see dry pleurisy). It is often a consequence of traumatic hemothorax or of pleural effusion.

fibrous fibreux composed of or containing fibers.

fibroxanthoma fibroxanthome a type of xanthoma containing fibromatous elements, sometimes described as synonymous with or a subtype of either benign or malignant fibrous histiocytoma. atypical f. (AFX) f. atypique a small cutaneous nodular neoplasm usually occurring on sun-exposed areas of the face and neck; sometimes described as related to or a subtype of either benign or malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

fibroxanthosarcoma fibroxanthosarcome malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

fibula péroné, fibula [L.] the outer and smaller of the two bones of the leg, which articulates proximally with the tibia and distally is joined to the tibia in a syndesmosis. See Plate 1.

fibular fibulaire pertaining to the fibula or to the lateral aspect of the leg; peroneal.

fibulocalcaneal calcanéofibulaire pertaining to fibula and calcaneus.

ficain ficine an enzyme derived from the sap of fig trees that catalyzes the cleavage of specific bonds in proteins; it enhances the agglutination of red blood cells with IgG antibodies and is therefore used in the determination of the Rh factor.

FICD FICD Fellow of the International College of Dentists.

ficin ficine ficain.

FICS FICS Fellow of the International College of Surgeons.

field champ 1. an area or open space, as an operative field or visual field. 2. domaine a range of specialization in knowledge, study, or occupation. 3. in embryology, the developing region within a range of modifying factors. auditory f. c. auditif the space or range within which stimuli may be perceived as sound. individuation f. c. d’individuation a region in which an organizer influences adjacent tissue to become a part of a total embryo. morphogenetic f. c. morphogénétique an embryonic region out of which definite structures normally develop. visual f. (F,vf) c. visuel the area within which stimuli will produce the sensation of sight with the eye in a straight-ahead position.

FIGLU FIGLU formiminoglutamic acid.

figure 1. figure an object of particular form. 2. chiffre a number, or numeral. mitotic f’s f. de mitose stages of chromosome aggregation exhibiting a pattern characteristic of mitosis.

fila fila [L.] plural of filum.

filament filament a delicate fiber or thread. actin f. f. d’actine one of the thin contractile myofilaments in a myofibril. intermediate f’s f. intermédiaires a class of cytoplasmic filaments that predominantly act as structural components of the cytoskeleton and also effect various movements in cellular processes. muscle f. f. musculaire myofilament. myosin f. f. de myosine one of the thick contractile myofilaments in a myofibril. thick f’s f. épais bipolar myosin filaments occurring in striated muscle. thin f’s f. minces actin filaments occurring, associated with troponin and tropomyosin, in striated muscle.

filamentous filamenteux composed of long, threadlike structures.

filamentum filamentum pl. filamenta [L.] filament.

filaria filaire pl. filariae [L.] a nematode worm of the superfamily Filarioidea. Adj.: filarial.

filariasis filariose infestation by filariae.

filaricide filaricide an agent that destroys filariae.

Filarioidea Filarioidea a superfamily or order of parasitic nematodes, the adults being threadlike worms that invade the tissues and body cavities where the female deposits microfilariae (prelarvae).

filgrastim filgrastim a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced by recombinant technology; used to enhance neutrophil function, stimulating hematopoiesis and decreasing neutropenia.

filial filial 1. of or pertaining to a son or daughter. 2. in genetics, of or pertaining to those generations following the initial (parental) generation.

filiform filiforme 1. threadlike. 2. an extremely slender bougie.

fillet filet 1. a loop, as of cord or tape, for making traction on the fetus. 2. in the nervous system, a long band of nerve fibers.

filling 1. produit pour obturation material inserted in a prepared tooth cavity. 2. obturation, plombage restoration of the crown with appropriate material after removal of carious tissue from a tooth. complex f. o. destinée à une cavité complexe one for a complex cavity. composite f. o. mixte one consisting of a composite resin. compound f. o. composée one for a cavity that involves two surfaces of a tooth.

film film 1. a thin layer or coating. 2. a thin transparent sheet of cellulose acetate or similar material coated on one or both sides with an emulsion that is sensitive to light or radiation. absorbable gelatin f. f. de gélatine résorbable a sterile, nonantigenic, absorbable, water-insoluble sheet of gelatin, used as an aid in surgical closure and repair of defects, and as a local hemostatic. bite-wing f. f. interproximal an x-ray film for radiography of oral structures, with a protruding tab to be held between the upper and lower teeth. plain f. radiographie sans préparation a radiograph made without the use of a contrast medium. spot f. radiographie visée a radiograph of a small anatomic area obtained either by rapid exposure during fluoroscopy to provide a permanent record of a transiently observed abnormality or by limitation of radiation passing through the area to improve definition and detail of the image produced. x-ray f. f. radiographique film sensitized to x-rays, either before or after exposure.

film badge dosimètre photographique personnel a pack of radiographic film or films, usually worn on the body during potential exposure to radiation in order to detect and quantitate the dosage of exposure.

filopressure filopression compression of a blood vessel by a thread.

Filoviridae Filoviridae Marburg and Ebola viruses: a family of RNA viruses with enveloped filamentous virions and a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome; the single genus is Filovirus.

Filovirus Filovirus Marburg and Ebola viruses: a genus of viruses of the family Filoviridae that cause hemorrhagic fevers (Marburg virus disease, Ebola virus disease).

filter 1. filtre a device for eliminating or separating certain elements, as (1) particles of certain size from a solution, or (2) rays of certain wavelength from a stream of radiant energy. 2. filtrer to cause such separation or elimination. membrane f. membrane filtrante a filter made up of a thin film of nylon, cellulose acetate, or other material, with a defined pore size.

filterable filtrable capable of passing through the pores of a filter.

filtrate filtrat a liquid or gas that has passed through a filter.

filtration filtration passage through a filter or other material that prevents passage of certain molecules, particles, or substances.

filum filum pl. fila [L.] a threadlike structure or part. f. terminale f. terminal a slender, threadlike prolongation of the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the back of the coccyx.

fimbria frange pl. fimbriae [L.] 1. a fringe, border, or edge; a fringelike structure. 2. pilus (2). f. hippocampi fimbria de l’hippocampe, corps bordant the band of white matter along the median edge of the ventricular surface of the hippocampus. ovarian f. f. ovarienne the longest of the processes that make up the fimbriae of uterine tube, extending along the free border of the mesosalpinx and fused to the ovary. fimbriae of uterine tube f. de la trompe utérine the numerous divergent fringelike processes on the distal part of the infundibulum of the uterine tube.

fimbriated frangé fringed.

fimbriectomy fimbriectomie surgical removal of the fimbriae of the uterine tube along with tubal ligation as a method of female sterilization.

fimbriocele hernie tubaire hernia containing the fimbriae of the uterine tube.

fimbrioplasty fimbrioplastie plastic surgery of the fimbriae of uterine tube.

finasteride finastéride an inhibitor of 5– reductase, used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and as a hair growth stimulant in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

Finegoldia Finegoldia a genus gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria of the family Peptostreptococcaceae, occurring usually in masses and tetrads; F. magna is part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal and female genitourinary tracts and causes septic arthritis and soft tissue infections.

finger doigt one of the five digits of the hand. baseball f. rugby finger, rupture du fléchisseur digital mallet f. clubbed f. d. en baguette de tambour a finger with clubbing. index f. index forefinger. mallet f. d. en maillet partial permanent flexion of the terminal phalanx of a finger caused by an object striking the end or back of the finger, owing to rupture of the attachment of the extensor tendon. ring f. annulaire the fourth digit of the hand. webbed f’s d. palmés syndactyly of the fingers.

fingerprint 1. empreinte digitale an impression of the cutaneous ridges of the fleshy distal portion of a finger. 2. empreinte peptidique the image obtained from fingerprinting (q.v.) of proteins or nucleic acids. 3. empreinte digitale de la molécule the infrared absorption spectrum of a molecule.

fingerprinting analyse d’empreinte génétique a technique for determining the structure of or identifying a protein or nucleic acid (DNA f.) by cleavage of the molecule into defined fragments, chromatographic or electrophoretic separation of the fragments, and visualization of the resulting pattern.

Firmicutes Firmicutes a phenotypically diverse phylum of mainly gram-positive bacteria; ; with Bacteroidetes it is one of the two major constituents of the intestinal flora.

first aid premiers soins emergency care and treatment of an injured or ill person before complete medical and surgical treatment can be secured.

fission fission 1. the act of splitting. 2. fissiparité asexual reproduction in which the cell divides into two (binary f.) or more (multiple f.) daughter parts, each of which becomes an individual organism. 3. nuclear fission; the splitting of the atomic nucleus, with release of energy.

fissiparous fissipare propagated by fission.

fissula fissula [L.] a small cleft.

fissura fissura pl. fissurae [L.] fissure. f. in ano f. in ano anal fissure.

fissure 1. scissure any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex involving its entire thickness. 2. fissure a fault in the enamel surface of a tooth. abdominal f. fente abdominale a congenital cleft in the abdominal wall. anal f., f. in ano f. anale painful lineal ulcer at the margin of the anus. anterior median f. sillon médian antérieur a longitudinal furrow along the midline of the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. basisylvian f. base du sillon sylvien the part of the sylvian fissure between the temporal lobe and the orbital surface of the frontal bone. f. of Bichat fente cérébrale de Bichat transverse f. (2). branchial f. fente branchiale 1. branchial cleft (1). 2. pharyngeal groove. calcarine f. f. calcarine see under sulcus. central f. f. centrale central cerebral sulcus. collateral f. f. collatérale see under sulcus. enamel f. f. de l’émail fissure (2). hippocampal f. f. hippocampique see under sulcus. palpebral f. f. palpébrale the longitudinal opening between the eyelids. parietooccipital f. sillon pariéto-occipital see under sulcus. portal f. s. transverse du foie porta hepatis. posterior median f. s. médian postérieur see under sulcus. presylvian f. f. présylvienne the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius. primary f. of cerebellum f. primaire du cervelet that separating the cranial and caudal lobes in the cerebellum. f. of Rolando s. de Rolando central cerebral sulcus. sphenooccipital f. synchondrose sphéno-occipitale the fissure between the basilar part of the occipital bone and the sphenoid bone. sylvian f., f. of Sylvius sillon latéral s. de Sylvius one extending laterally between the temporal and frontal lobes, and turning posteriorly between the temporal and parietal lobes. transverse f. 1. s. transverse du foie porta hepatis. 2. fenestration the transverse cerebral fissure between the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres.

fistula fistule pl. fistulas,fistulae [L.] an abnormal passage between two internal organs or from an internal organ to the body surface. anal f. f. anale one from the anus to the skin, sometimes communicating with the rectum. arteriovenous f. f. artérioveineuse 1. one between an artery and a vein. 2. a surgically created arteriovenous connection that provides a site of access for hemodialysis tubing. blind f. f. borgne one open at one end only, opening on the skin (external blind f.) or on an internal mucous surface (internal blind f.). branchial f. f. branchiale a persistent pharyngeal groove (branchial cleft). cerebrospinal fluid f. f. de liquide céphalorachidien one between the subarachnoid space and a body cavity, with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, usually as otorrhea or rhinorrhea. colonic f. f. colique one connecting the colon with the body surface or another organ. craniosinus f. f. craniosinusale one between the cerebral space and one of the sinuses, permitting escape of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose. enterovesical f. f. entérovésicale one connecting the urinary bladder with some part of the intestines. fecal f. f. stercorale a colonic fistula that discharges feces on the body surface. gastric f. f. gastrique one communicating with the stomach, either pathologically or surgically created through the abdominal wall. genitourinary f. f. génito-urinaire one between two organs of the urogenital system or between one of those organs and some other system. incomplete f. f. incomplète blind f. intestinal f. f. intestinale one communicating with the intestine; sometimes surgically created through the abdominal wall. perilymph f. f. périlymphatique rupture of the round window with leakage of perilymph into the middle ear, causing sensorineural hearing loss. pulmonary arteriovenous f. f. artérioveineuse pulmonaire a congenital fistula between the pulmonary arterial and venous systems, so that unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation. salivary f. f. salivaire one communicating with a salivary duct. tracheoesophageal f. f. trachéo-œsophagienne one connecting the trachea and esophagus, either pathologically or created surgically to restore speech after laryngectomy. umbilical f. f. ombilicale one communicating with the colon or the urachus at the umbilicus.

fistulatome fistulotome an instrument for cutting a fistula.

fistulization fistulisation 1. the process of becoming fistulous. 2. the surgical creation of a fistula.

fistulotomy fistulotomie incision of a fistula. fit 1. accès seizure (2). 2. ajustement the adaptation of one structure into another.

fitness 1. valeur d’adaptation in genetics, the probability of transmitting one’s genotype to the next generation relative to the average probability for the population. 2. forme physique physical f. aerobic f., cardiorespiratory f. aptitude aérobie the capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of an individual to supply oxygen and energy during sustained physical activity. physical f. bonne condition physique the capacity of an individual to perform physical activities requiring cardiorespiratory exertion, muscular endurance, strength, or flexibility.

fix fixer to fasten or hold firm; see fixation.

fixation fixation 1. the process of holding, suturing, or fastening in a fixed position. 2. the condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. in psychiatry: (a) arrest of development at a particular stage, or (b) a close suffocating attachment to another person, especially a childhood figure, such as a parent. 4. the use of a fixative to preserve histological or cytological specimens. 5. in chemistry, the process whereby a substance is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized. 6. in ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. in film processing, removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver to form a permanent image. complement f., f. of complement f. du complément addition of another serum containing an antibody and the corresponding antigen to a hemolytic serum, making the complement incapable of producing hemolysis.

fixative fixateur an agent used in preserving a histological or pathological specimen so as to maintain the normal structure of its constituent elements.

flaccid flasque 1. weak, lax, and soft. 2. atonic.

flagella flagelles [L.] plural of flagellum.

flagellar flagellaire pertaining to a flagellum.

flagellate flagellé 1. any microorganism having flagella. 2. mastigote. 3. having flagella. 4. flageller to practice flagellation.

flagellation flagellation 1. whipping or being whipped to achieve erotic pleasure. 2. exflagellation. 3. the formation or arrangement of flagella on an organism or surface.

flagellin flagelline a protein of bacterial flagella; it is composed of subunits in several-stranded helical arrangement.

flagellospore flagellospore zoospore.

flagellum flagelle pl. flagella [L.] a long, mobile, whiplike appendage arising from a basal body at the surface of a cell, serving as a locomotor organelle; in eukaryotic cells, flagella contain nine pairs of microtubules arrayed around a central pair; in bacteria, they contain tightly wound strands of flagellin.

flail battant exhibiting abnormal or pathologic mobility, as flail chest or flail joint.

flame 1. flamme the luminous, irregular appearance usually accompanying combustion, or an appearance resembling it. 2. flamber to render an object sterile by exposure to a flame.

flange volet a projecting border or edge; in dentistry, that part of the denture base which extends from around the embedded teeth to the border of the denture.

flank flanc the side of the body between ribs and ilium.

flap 1. lambeau a mass of tissue for grafting, usually including skin, only partially removed from one part of the body so that it retains its own blood supply during transfer to another site. 2. battement an uncontrolled movement. advancement f. l. de transplantation sliding f. axial pattern f. l. axial pédiculé a myocutaneous flap containing an artery in its long axis. bipedicle f. l. bipédiculé a pedicle flap with two vascular attachments. bone f. volet osseux craniotomy involving elevation of a section of the skull. free f. greffe libre an island flap detached from the body and reattached at the distant recipient site by microvascular anastomosis. island f. l. en îlot one consisting of skin and subcutaneous tissue, with a pedicle made up of only the nutrient vessels. jump f. l. à distance one cut from the abdomen and attached to a flap of the same size on the forearm; the forearm flap is transferred later to another part of the body to fill a defect. myocutaneous f. l. musculocutané a compound flap of skin and muscle with adequate vascularity to permit sufficient tissue to be transferred to the recipient site. pedicle f. l. pédiculé a flap consisting of the full thickness of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, attached by tissue through which it receives its blood supply. random pattern f. l. cutané simple a myocutaneous flap with a random pattern of arteries, as opposed to an axial pattern flap. rope f. l. tubulaire tube f. rotation f. l. de rotation a local pedicle flap whose width is increased by having the edge distal to the defect form a curved line; the flap is then rotated and a counterincision is made at the base of the curved line to increase mobility of the flap. skin f. l. cutané a full-thickness mass or flap of tissue containing epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. sliding f. l. de glissement a flap carried to its new position by a sliding technique. tube f. l. tubulaire one made by elevating a long strip of tissue from its bed except at its two ends, the cut edges then being sutured together to form a tube.

flare cercle érythémateux a diffuse area of redness on the skin around the point of application of an irritant, due to a vasomotor reaction.

flask 1. flacon a laboratory vessel, usually of glass and with a constricted neck. 2. moufle a metal case in which materials used in making artificial dentures are placed for processing. Erlenmeyer f. ballon d’Erlenmeyer a conical glass flask with a broad base and narrow neck. volumetric f. fiole jaugée a narrow-necked vessel of glass calibrated to contain or deliver an exact volume at a given temperature.

flat 1. plat lying in one plane; having an even surface. 2. having little or no resonance. 3. bas slightly below the normal pitch of a musical tone.

flatfoot pied plat a condition in which one or more arches of the foot have flattened out.

flatness matité a peculiar sound lacking resonance, heard on percussing an abnormally solid part.

flatulence flatulence excessive formation of gases in the stomach or intestine.

flatus flatus [L.] 1. gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract. 2. gas or air expelled through the anus.

flatworm ver plat, plathelminthe an individual organism of the phylum Platyhelminthes.

flavin flavine any of a group of water-soluble yellow pigments widely distributed in animals and plants, including riboflavin and yellow enzymes. f. adenine dinucleotide (FAD) f. adénine dinucléotide a coenzyme composed of riboflavin 5′-phosphate (FMN) and adenosine 5′-phosphate in pyrophosphate linkage; it forms the prosthetic group of certain enzymes, including D-amino acid oxidase and xanthine oxidase, serving as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (FAD) and reduced (FADH₂). It is important in electron transport in mitochondria. f. mononucleotide (FMN) f. mononucléotide riboflavin 5′- phosphate; it acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes, including NADH dehydrogenase, serving as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (FMN) and reduced (FMNH₂).

Flaviviridae Flaviviridae the group B arboviruses: a family of RNA viruses with a singlestranded positive-sense RNA genome; there is a single genus, Flavivirus.

Flavivirus Flavivirus group B arboviruses: a genus of viruses of the family Flaviviridae, many members of which cause disease in humans and animals, including the agents of yellow fever, dengue, and St. Louis and other forms of encephalitis.

flavivirus flavivirus any virus of the family Flaviviridae.

flav(o)- flav(o)- word element [L.], yellow.

Flavobacteriaceae Flavobacteriaceae a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes; most are saprophytes, but some are pathogenic.

Flavobacterium Flavobacterium a widespread genus of gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped soil and water bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae, characterized by production of a yellow pigment. Organisms are opportunistic pathogens in humans.

flavoenzyme flavoenzyme any enzyme containing a flavin nucleotide (FMN or FAD) as a prosthetic group.

flavonoid flavonoïde any of a group of compounds containing a characteristic aromatic nucleus and widely distributed in higher plants, often as a pigment; a subgroup with biological activity in mammals is the bioflavonoids.

flavoxate flavoxate a smooth muscle relaxant; the hydrochloride salt is used in treatment of spasms of the urinary tract.

flaxseed graine de lin linseed.

flea puce a small, wingless, bloodsucking insect; many fleas are parasitic and may act as disease carriers.

flecainide flécaïnide a sodium channel blocker that decreases the rate of cardiac conduction and increases the ventricular refractory period; used as the acetate salt in the treatment of lifethreatening arrhythmias.

fleece toison a mass of interlacing fibrils. f. of Stilling fibres du noyau dentelé the lacework of myelinated fibers surrounding the dentate nucleus.

flesh 1. chair muscular tissue. 2. pulpe skin. goose f. c. de poule cutis anserina. proud f. bourgeons charnus exubérants exuberant amounts of soft, edematous, granulation tissue developing during healing of large surface wounds.

fleshy charnu 1. pertaining to or resembling flesh. 2. characterized by abundant flesh.

fleurette cellule en fleurette [Fr.] a type of cell found in clusters in retinoblastomas and retinocytomas, representing differentiation of tumor cells into photoreceptors.

flexibilitas flexibilitas [L.] flexibility. cerea f. f. cireuse see under C.

flexibility flexibilité the quality of being readily bent without tendency to break. Adj.: flexible. waxy f. f. cireuse cerea flexibilitas.

flexion flexion the act of bending or the condition of being bent.

flexor fléchisseur 1. causing flexion. 2. a muscle that flexes a joint; see flexor muscle entries under muscle. f. retinaculum ligament annulaire antérieur du carpe see entries under retinaculum.

flexura flexura pl. flexurae [L.] flexure.

flexure courbure a bend or fold; a curvation. caudal f. c. caudale the bend at the aboral end of the embryo. cephalic f. c. céphalique the curve in the midbrain of the embryo. cervical f. c. cervicale a bend in the neural tube of the embryo at the junction of the brain and spinal cord. cranial f. c. crâniale cephalic f. dorsal f. c. dorsale one of the flexures in the mid-dorsal region of the embryo. duodenojejunal f. angle duodénojéjunal the bend at the junction of duodenum and jejunum. lumbar f. c. lombaire the ventral curvature in the lumbar region of the back. mesencephalic f. c. mésencéphalique cephalic f. nuchal f. c. nucale cervical f. pontine f. c. pontique a flexure of the hindbrain in the embryo. sacral f. c. sacrée caudal f. sigmoid f. c. sigmoïde see under colon.

flight of ideas fuite des idées a nearly continuous flow of rapid speech that jumps from topic to topic, usually based on discernible associations, distractions, or plays on words, but sometimes disorganized and incoherent.

floaters corps flottants “spots before the eyes”; deposits in the vitreous of the eye, usually moving about and probably representing fine aggregates of vitreous protein occurring as a benign degenerative change.

floccillation carphologie the aimless picking at bedclothes by a patient with delirium, dementia, fever, or exhaustion.

floccose floconneux woolly; said of bacterial growth of short, curved chains variously oriented.

flocculation floculation a colloid phenomenon in which the disperse phase separates in discrete, usually visible, particles rather than congealing into a continuous mass, as in coagulation.

flocculus flocculus pl. flocculi [L.] 1. a small tuft or mass, as of wool or other fibrous material. 2. a small mass on the lower side of each cerebral hemisphere, continuous with the nodule of the vermis. Adj.: floccular.

flooding inondation a form of desensitization for treating phobias and anxieties by repeated exposure to highly distressing stimuli until the lack of reinforcement of the anxiety response causes its extinction. It is usually used for actual exposure to the stimuli, with implosion used for imagined exposure, but the two terms are sometimes used synonymously.

floor plancher the inferior inner surface of a hollow organ or other space. f. of pelvis p. pelvien the layer of tissue just below the outlet of the pelvis, formed by the coccygeal and levator ani muscles and the fascia of the perineum.

flora flore [L.] 1. the collective plant organisms of a given locality. 2. the bacteria and fungi, both normally occurring and pathological, found in or on an organ. enteric f., gut f., intestinal f. f. intestinale the bacteria normally residing within the lumen of the intestine.

florid 1. florissant in full bloom; occurring in fully developed form. 2. rougeaud having a bright red color.

flow flux 1. the movement of a liquid or gas. 2. the rate at which a fluid passes through an organ or part, expressed as volume per unit of time. blood f. f. sanguin 1. circulation (of the blood). 2. circulation rate. effective renal blood f. (ERBF) débit sanguin rénal effectif that portion of the total blood flow through the kidneys that perfuses functional renal tissue such as the glomeruli. effective renal plasma f. (ERPF) débit plasmatique rénal effectif the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, generally measured by the clearance rate of p-aminohippurate. forced expiratory f. (FEF) débit expiratoire maximal the rate of airflow recorded in measurements of forced vital capacity. maximum expiratory f. débit expiratoire maximal the rate of airflow during a forced vital capacity maneuver, often specified at a given volume. maximum midexpiratory f. débit expiratoire maximum médian the average rate of airflow measured between exhaled volumes of 25 and 75 per cent of the vital capacity during a forced exhalation. peak expiratory f. (PEF) débit expiratoire de pointe the greatest rate of airflow that can be achieved during forced exhalation beginning with the lungs fully inflated. renal plasma f. (RPF) débit plasmatique rénal the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time, approximately 10 per cent greater than the effective renal plasma flow.

flower fleur [Old Fr. flor, from L. flos, gen. floris] the blossom of a plant; preparations of the flowers of some plants are used medicinally. passion f. fleur de la passion 1. any plant of the genus Passiflora. 2. a preparation of the aerial parts of P. incarnata, having anxiolytic and sedative properties and used for anxiety and insomnia; also used in homeopathy.

flowmeter débitmètre an apparatus for measuring the rate of flow of liquids or gases, often named for the method employed, e.g., ultrasound f.

floxuridine floxuridine a derivative of fluorouracil used as an antineoplastic.

fl oz fl oz fluid ounce.

flu grippe colloquialism for influenza.

fluconazole fluconazole a triazoleantifungal used in the systemic treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.

fluctuation fluctuation a variation, as about a fixed value or mass; a wavelike motion.

flucytosine flucytosine an antifungal used in the treatment of severe candidal and cryptococcal infections.

fludarabine fludarabine an adenine analogue and purine antimetabolite used as the phosphate salt as an antineoplastic in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

fludeoxyglucose F 18 fludésoxyglucose 18F radiolabeled 2-deoxy-d-glucose; used in positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of brain disorders, cardiac disease, and tumors of various organs.

fludrocortisone fludrocortisone a synthetic adrenal corticoid with effects similar to those of hydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone, administered as the acetate salt.

fluent fluide flowing effortlessly; said of speech.

fluid 1. fluide, liquide a liquid or gas; any liquid of the body. 2. fluide composed of molecules which freely change their relative positions without separation of the mass. amniotic f. l. amniotique the liquid within the amnion that bathes the developing fetus and protects it from mechanical injury. cerebrospinal f. (CSF) l. céphalorachidien, l. cérébrospinal the fluid contained within the ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the central canal of the spinal cord. follicular f. l. folliculaire the fluid in a developing ovarian follicle. interstitial f. l. interstitiel the extracellular fluid bathing most tissues, excluding the fluid within the lymph and blood vessels. intracellular f. l. intracellulaire the portion of the total body water with its dissolved solutes that is within the cell membranes. prostatic f. l. prostatique the secretion of the prostate gland, which contributes to formation of the semen. Scarpa f. l. de Scarpa endolymph. seminal f. l. séminal semen. synovial f. l. synovial synovia; the transparent, viscid fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths.

fluidextract extrait fluide, extrait liquide a liquid preparation of a vegetable drug, containing alcohol as a solvent or preservative, of such strength that each milliliter contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 g of the standard drug it represents.

fluke douve trematode.

flulike grippal 1. resembling influenza. 2. having symptoms that resemble those of influenza.

flumazenil flumazénil a benzodiazepine agonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines after sedation, general anesthesia, or overdose.

flumen flumen pl. flumina [L.] a stream. flumina pilorum flumina pilorum the lines along which the hairs of the body are arranged as they grow.

flunisolide flunisolide a synthetic glucocorticoid used as the acetate salt in treatment of bronchial asthma and seasonal and nonseasonal allergic rhinitis.

flunitrazepam flunitrazépam a short-acting benzodiazepine similar to diazepam, used as a hypnotic and as an induction agent in anesthesia. It is not used legally in the United States.

fluocinolone fluocinolone a synthetic corticosteroid used topically as f. acetonide for the relief of inflammation and pruritus in certain dermatoses.

fluocinonide fluocinonide a synthetic corticosteroid used topically for the relief of inflammation and pruritus in certain dermatoses.

fluorescein fluorescéine a fluorescing dye; its sodium salt is used as a tracer in retinal angiography and as a diagnostic aid for revealing corneal trauma and fitting contact lenses.

fluorescence fluorescence the property of emitting light while exposed to light, the wavelength of the emitted light being longer than that of the absorbed light. Adj.: fluorescent.

fluoridation fluoration treatment with fluorides; the addition of fluorides to a public water supply as a public health measure to reduce the incidence of dental caries.

fluorimeter fluorimètre fluorometer.

fluorine (F) fluor chemical element (see Table of Elements), at. no. 9.

fluorocarbon fluorocarbure any of the class of organic compounds consisting of carbon and fluorine only. Fluorocarbon emulsions dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide and can be used in place of red blood cell preparations in the prevention and treatment of ischemia.

fluorochrome fluorochrome a fluorescent compound used as a dye to mark protein with a fluorescent label.

fluorodopa F 18 fluorodopa 18F a radiolabeled compound of fluorine and levodopa, used for positron emission tomography of the cerebrum.

fluorometer fluoromètre the instrument used in fluorometry, consisting of an energy source (e.g., a mercury arc lamp or xenon lamp) to induce fluorescence, filters or monochromators for selection of the wavelength, and a detector.

fluorometholone fluorométholone a synthetic glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye.

fluorometry fluorimétrie an analytical technique for identifying and characterizing minute amounts of a substance by excitation of the substance with a beam of ultraviolet light and detection and measurement of the characteristic wavelength of fluorescent light emitted.

fluoronephelometer fluoronéphélomètre an instrument for analysis of a solution by measuring the light scattered or emitted by it.

fluorophotometry fluorophotométrie fluorometry. vitreous f. f. du vitré the measurement of light given off by intravenously injected fluorescein that has leaked through the retinal vessels into the vitreous; done to detect the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, an early ocular change in diabetes mellitus.

fluoroquinolone fluoroquinolone any of a subgroup of fluorine-substituted quinolones, having a broader spectrum of activity than nalidixic acid.

fluoroscope appareil de radioscopie, fluoroscope an instrument for visual observation of the form and motion of the deep structures of the body by means of x-ray shadows projected on a fluorescent screen.

fluoroscopy radioscopie examination by means of the fluoroscope.

fluorosis fluorose 1. a condition due to ingestion of excessive amounts of fluorine. 2. a condition in humans due to exposure to excessive amounts of fluorine or its compounds, resulting from accidental ingestion of certain insecticides and rodenticides, chronic inhalation of industrial dusts or gases, or prolonged ingestion of water containing large amounts of fluorides; characterized by skeletal changes such as osteofluorosis and by mottled enamel when exposure occurs during enamel formation. chronic endemic f. f. endémique chronique fluorosis. dental f. f. dentaire mottled enamel.

fluorouracil (5-FU) fluoro-uracil an antimetabolite activated like uracil, used as a systemic and topical antineoplastic.

fluoxetine fluoxétine a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

fluoxymesterone fluoxymestérone an androgen used in the treatment of male hypogonadism and delayed male puberty and in palliation of metastatic breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women.

fluphenazine fluphénazine a phenothiazineantipsychotic, used as f. decanoate, f. enanthate, and f. hydrochloride.

flurandrenolide fludroxycortide a synthetic corticosteroid used topically for relief of inflammation and pruritus in dermatoses.

flurazepam flurazépam a benzodiazepine used as the hydrochloride salt as a sedative and hypnotic in the treatment of insomnia.

flurbiprofen flurbiprofène a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug administered orally in the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders and dysmenorrhea, and applied topically to the conjunctiva as the sodium salt to inhibit miosis during and treat inflammation following ophthalmic surgery.

flush bouffée congestive redness of the face and neck, seen with physical exertion, overheating, emotional stress, and certain disease and toxic conditions.

flutamide flutamide a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, used in the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.

fluticasone fluticasone a synthetic corticosteroid used as the propionate salt to treat inflammation in certain dermatoses, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory nasal conditions, nasal polyps, and asthma.

flutter flutter a rapid vibration or pulsation. atrial f. f. auriculaire cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid (250 to 350 per minute), but regular. diaphragmatic f. f. diaphragmatique peculiar wavelike fibrillations of the diaphragm of unknown cause. impure f. f. impur atrial flutter in which the electrocardiogram shows alternating periods of atrial flutter and fibrillation or periods not clearly one or the other. mediastinal f. f. médiastinal abnormal motility of the mediastinum during respiration. pure f. f. pur atrial f. ventricular f. (VFI) f. ventriculaire a possible transition stage between ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, the electrocardiogram showing rapid, uniform, regular oscillations, 250 or more per minute.

flutter-fibrillation fibrillo-flutter impure flutters constantly varying in their resemblance to flutter or fibrillation, respectively.

fluvastatin fluvastatine an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis used as the sodium salt in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and to slow the progression of atherosclerosis associated with coronary heart disease.

fluvoxamine fluvoxamine a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, used as the maleate salt to relieve the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

flux flux 1. an excessive flow or discharge. 2. the rate of the flow of some quantity per unit area. magnetic f. (Φ) f. magnétique a quantitative measure of a magnetic field.

fluxion fluxion a flowing; especially an abnormal or excessive flow of fluid to a part.

fly mouche a dipterous, or two-winged, insect that is often the vector of organisms causing disease. tsetse f. m. tsé-tsé any member of the genus Glossina.

Fm Fm fermium.

FMN FMN flavin mononucleotide.

FNH HNF focal nodular hyperplasia.

foam 1. mousse a dispersion of a gas in a liquid or solid. 2. écume frothy saliva. 3. mousser to produce or cause production of such a substance. Adj.: foamy.

focus foyer pl. foci [L.] 1. the point of convergence of light rays or sound waves. 2. the chief center of a morbid process. Adj.: focal. epileptogenic f. f. épileptogène the area of the cerebral cortex responsible for causing epileptic seizures. Ghon f. nodule de Ghon the principal parenchymal lesion of primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children.

focusing focalisation the act of converging at a point. isoelectric f. isoélectrofocalisation electrophoresis in which the protein mixture is subjected to an electric field in a gel medium in which a pH gradient has been established; each protein then migrates until it reaches the site at which the pH is equal to its isoelectric point.

foe- foe- for words beginning thus, see those beginning fe-.

fog brouillard a colloid system in which the dispersion medium is a gas and the disperse particles are liquid.

fogging méthode du brouillard in ophthalmology, a method of determining refractive error in astigmatism, the patient being first made artificially myopic in order to relax accommodation.

foil feuille de métal metal in the form of an extremely thin, pliable sheet.

folate acide ptéroylglutamique 1. the anionic form of folic acid. 2. more generally, any of a group of substances containing a form of pteroic acid conjugated with I-glutamic acid and having a variety of substitutions.

fold pli plica; a thin, recurved margin, or doubling over. amniotic f. p. amniotique the folded edge of the amnion where it rises over and finally encloses the embryo. aryepiglottic f. p. ary-épiglottique a fold of mucous membrane extending on each side between the lateral border of the epiglottis and the summit of the arytenoid cartilage. Douglas f. arcade de Douglas a crescentic line marking the termination of the posterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, just below the level of the iliac crest. gastric f’s p. gastriques the series of folds in the mucous membrane of the stomach. gluteal f. p. fessier the crease separating the buttocks from the thigh. head f. p. céphalique a crescentic, ventral fold of the embryonic disc at the cephalic end of the developing embryo. lacrimal f. p. lacrymal a fold of mucous membrane at the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct. Marshall f. p. de Marshall vestigial f. of Marshall. medullary f. repli médullaire neural f. mesonephric f. p. mésonéphrique see under ridge. nail f. sillon latéral de l’ongle see under wall. neural f. bourrelet médullaire one of the paired folds lying on either side of the neural plate that form the neural tube. palmate f’s p. palmés a system of folds on the anterior and posterior walls of the cervical canal of the uterus. semilunar f. of conjunctiva p. semilunaire de la conjonctive a mucous fold at the medial angle of the eye. skin f. 1. pli cutané skinfold. 2. sillon cutané a skin furrow deeper than a groove. synovial f. franges synoviales an extension of the synovial membrane from its free inner surface into the joint cavity. tail f. p. caudal a crescentic, ventral fold of the embryonic disc at the future caudal end of the developing embryo. ventricular f., vestibular f. p. ventriculaire a false vocal cord. vestigial f. of Marshall p. vestigial de Marshall a pericardial fold enclosing the remnant of the embryonic left anterior cardinal vein. vocal f. corde vocale the true vocal cord.

foliaceous foliacé foliate.

foliate folié 1. having, pertaining to, or resembling leaves. 2. consisting of thin, leaflike layers.

folic acid acide folique a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex, pteroylglutamic acid or related derivatives, which is involved in hematopoiesis and the synthesis of amino acids and DNA; its deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia. See tetrahydrofolic acid and folic acid antagonist.

folie folie [Fr.] psychosis; insanity. f. à deux f. à deux mental disorder affecting two persons who share the same delusions; formally classified as shared psychotic disorder. f. du pourquoi f. du pourquoi psychopathologic constant questioning. f. gémellaire f. gémellaire psychosis occurring simultaneously in twins.

folinic acid acide folinique leucovorin; the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid; it can act as a coenzyme carrier in certain folatemediated reactions and is used, as the calcium salt leucovorin calcium, in the treatment of some disorders of folic acid deficiency.

folium folium pl. folia [L.] a leaflike structure, especially one of the leaflike subdivisions of the cerebellar cortex.

follicle follicule a sac or pouchlike depression or cavity. Adj.: follicular. atretic ovarian f. f. ovarien atrétique an involuted ovarian follicle. dominant ovarian f. f. ovarien dominant the growing ovarian follicle in a given menstrual cycle that matures completely and forms the corpus luteum. gastric f’s f. gastriques lymphoid masses in the gastric mucosa. graafian f’s f. de De Graaf vesicular ovarian f’s; maturing ovarian follicles among whose cells fluid has begun to accumulate, leading to the formation of a single cavity and leaving the oocyte located in the cumulus oophorus. hair f. f. pileux one of the tubular invaginations of the epidermis enclosing the hairs, and from which the hairs grow. intestinal f’s glandes de Lieberkühn, f. intestinaux see under gland. lingual f’s f. linguaux nodular masses of lymphoid tissue at the root of the tongue, constituting the lingual tonsil. lymph f., lymphatic f. follicule lymphatique 1. lymph node. 2. lymphatic nodule (2). nabothian f’s kystes de Naboth, œufs de Naboth cystlike formations due to occlusion of the lumina of glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix, causing them to be distended with retained secretion. ovarian f. f. ovarien the oocyte and its encasing cells, at any stage in its development. primary ovarian f’s f. ovariens primaires immature ovarian follicles, each comprising an immature oocyte and the specialized epithelial cells (follicle cells) surrounding it. primordial ovarian f. f. ovarien primordial an immature ovarian follicle that has not undergone recruitment and consists of an oocyte enclosed by a single layer of cells. solitary f’s f. solitaires small lymph follicles scattered throughout the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine and colon. Called also solitary glands. thyroid f’s f. thyroïdiens discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule. vesicular ovarian f’s f. ovariens vésiculaires graafian f’s.

folliculi folliculi, follicules [L.] plural of folliculus.

folliculitis folliculite inflammation of a follicle. f. barbae folliculitis barbae, f. de la barbe sycosis barbae. f. decalvans f. décalvante suppurative folliculitis leading to scarring, with permanent hair loss on the involved area. gram-negative f. f. à Gram négatif a superinfection complicating long-term treatment of acne vulgaris with tetracyclines or certain other antibiotics, usually caused by species of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, or Proteus. keloidal f., f. keloidalis acné chéloïdienne acne keloidalis.

folliculosis folliculose excessive development of lymph follicles.

folliculus folliculus pl. folliculi [L.] follicle.

follitropin follitropine follicle-stimulating hormone; f. alfa and f. beta are forms of follitropin produced by genetically modified hamster cells and used in the treatment of infertility.

fomentation fomentation treatment by warm moist applications; also, the substance thus applied.

fomite matière contaminée an inanimate object or material on which disease-producing agents may be conveyed.

fomivirsen fomivirsen an antiviral agent used as the sodium salt in the treatment of cytomegalovirusretinitis associated with AIDS.

Fonsecaea Fonsecaea a genus of imperfect fungi. F. compactum and F. pedrosoi cause chromoblastomycosis.

fontanel fontanelle fontanelle.

fontanelle fontanelle a soft spot, such as one of the membrane-covered spaces remaining at the junction of the sutures in the incompletely ossified skull of the fetus or infant.

fonticulus fonticulus pl. fonticuli [L.] a fontanelle.

foot pied 1. the distal portion of the leg, upon which an individual stands and walks; in humans, the tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges, and the surrounding tissue. 2. something resembling this structure. 3. a unit of linear measure, 12 inches, equal to 0.3048 meter. athlete’s f. p. d’athlète tinea pedis. cleft f. p. en pince de homard a congenitally deformed foot in which the division between the third and fourth toes extends into the metatarsal region, often with ectrodactyly. club f. p. bot see talipes. dangle f., drop f. p. ballant footdrop. flat f. p. plat flatfoot. immersion f. p. d’immersion damage to the skin of the feet of persons who have stood for long periods in warm or cold water. Madura f. p. de Madura mycetoma of the foot. march f. p. forcé painful swelling of the foot, usually with fracture of a metatarsal bone, after excessive foot strain. pericapillary end f., perivascular f., sucker f. p. périvasculaire a terminal expansion of the cytoplasmic process of an astrocyte against the wall of a capillary in the central nervous system. trench f. p. des tranchées immersion foot from standing in cold water, resembling damage from frostbite.

footdrop pied tombant dropping of the foot from a peroneal or tibial nerve lesion that causes paralysis of the anterior muscles of the leg.

footplate base du stapès the flat portion of the stapes, which is set into the oval window on the medial wall of the middle ear.

foramen foramen pl. foramina [L.] a natural opening or passage, especially one into or through a bone. aortic f. f. aortique aortic hiatus. apical f. of tooth f. apical an opening at or near the apex of the root of a tooth, giving passage to the vascular, lymphatic, and neural structures supplying the pulp. auditory f., external méat acoustique externe external acoustic meatus. auditory f., internal méat acoustique interne a passage for the auditory and facial nerves in the petrous bone. f. of Bochdalek f. de Bochdalek pleuroperitoneal hiatus. cecal f., f. cecum 1. trou borgne de l’os frontal a blind opening between the frontal crest and the crista galli. 2. f. cæcum a small triangular expansion at the lower border of the pons, formed by the termination of the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata. 3. f. cæcum de la langue a depression on the dorsum of the tongue at the median sulcus. cotyloid f. f. cotyloïdien a passage between the margin of the acetabulum and the transverse ligament. epiploic f. f. épiploïque, hiatus de Winslow an opening connecting the two sacs of the peritoneum, below and behind the porta hepatis. esophageal f. f. œsophagien see under hiatus. ethmoidal foramina, foramina ethmoidalia canaux ethmoïdaux small openings in the ethmoid bone at the junction of the medial wall with the roof of the orbit, the anterior transmitting the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve and the anterior ethmoid vessels, and the posterior transmitting the posterior ethmoid vessels. incisive f. f. incisif, trou incisif one of the openings of the incisive canals into the incisive fossa of the hard palate. infraorbital f. f. infraorbitaire, trou sous-orbitaire a passage for the infraorbital nerve and artery. interventricular f. f. interventriculaire a communication between the lateral and third ventricles. intervertebral f. f. intervertébral a passage for a spinal nerve and vessels that is formed by notches on pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. jugular f. f. jugulaire an opening formed by the jugular notches on the temporal and occipital bones. f. of Key and Retzius trou de Luschka an opening at the end of each lateral recess of the fourth ventricle by which the ventricular cavity communicates with the subarachnoid space. lacerate f., anterior trou déchiré antérieur an elongated cleft between the wings of the sphenoid bone, transmitting nerves and vessels. lacerate f., middle trou déchiré moyen f. lacerum. lacerate f., posterior trou déchiré postérieur jugular f. f. lacerum trou déchiré a gap formed at the junction of the great wing of the sphenoid bone, tip of the petrous part of the temporal bone, and basilar part of the occipital bone. f. of Magendie f. de Magendie a deficiency in the lower part of the roof of the fourth ventricle through which the ventricular cavity communicates with the subarachnoid space. f. magnum f. magnum, trou occipital a large opening in the anterior inferior part of the occipital bone, between the cranial cavity and vertebral canal. mastoid f. f. mastoïdien, trou mastoïdien an opening in the temporal bone behind the mastoid process. medullary f. f. médullaire vertebral f. nutrient f. trou nourricier f. nourricier any of the passages admitting nutrient vessels to the medullary cavity of bone. obturator f. f. obturé, trou ischiopubien the large opening between the os pubis and ischium. olfactory foramina trous olfactifs any of the many openings of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. omental f. f. omental epiploic f. optic f. f. optique 1. (of sclera) lamina cribrosa (3). 2. (of sphenoid bone) see under canal. f. ovale f. ovale, fosse ovale 1. a fetal opening between the heart’s atria. 2. an aperture in the great wing of the sphenoid for vessels and nerves. palatine f., greater foramen grand palatin the lower opening of the greater palatine canal, found laterally on the horizontal plate of each palatine bone, transmitting a palatine nerve and artery. palatine foramina, lesser trous palatins accessoires the openings of the lesser palatine canals behind the palatine crest and the greater palatine foramina. pterygopalatine f. 1. trou palatin principal greater palatine f. 2. f. ptéry gopalatin sphenopalatine f. quadrate f. trou carré du diaphragme, orifice diaphragmatique de la veine cave inférieure f. venae cavae. f. rotundum ossis sphenoidalis f. rond a round opening in the great wing of sphenoid for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. Scarpa f. f. de Scarpa an opening behind each upper medial incisor, for the nasopalatine nerve. sciatic f. f. sciatique either of two foramina, the greater and the lesser sciatic foramina, formed by the sacrotuberal and sacrospinal ligaments in the sciatic notch of the hip bone. sphenopalatine f. f. sphénopalatin 1. a space between the orbital and sphenoidal processes of the palatine bone, opening into the nasal cavity, and transmitting the sphenopalatine artery and nasal nerves. 2. greater palatine f. spinous f. f. épineux a hole in the great wing of the sphenoid for the middle meningeal artery. stylomastoid f. trou stylo-mastoïdien, f. stylo-mastoïdien an opening between the styloid and mastoid processes for the facial nerve and the stylomastoid artery. supraorbital f. f. supraorbitaire a passage in the frontal bone for the supraorbital artery and nerve; often present as a notch bridged only by fibrous tissue. thebesian foramina f. de Lannelongue minute openings in the walls of the right atrium through which the smallest cardiac veins empty into the heart. thyroid f. f. thyroïdien 1. an inconstant opening in the thyroid cartilage, due to incomplete union of the fourth and fifth branchial cartilages. 2. obturator f. f. venae cavae f. de la veine cave, orifice diaphragmatique de la veine cave inférieure an opening in the diaphragm for the inferior vena cava and some branches of the right vagus nerve. venous f. foramen veineux 1. f. venae cavae. 2. f. of Vesalius. vertebral f. f. vertébral the large opening in a vertebra formed by its body and arch. f. of Vesalius trou de Vésale an occasional opening medial to the foramen ovale of the sphenoid, for passage of a vein from the cavernous sinus. Weitbrecht f. f. de Weitbrecht a foramen in the capsule of the shoulder joint. f. of Winslow hiatus de Winslow epiploic f. zygomaticofacial f. trou malaire, f. zygomaticofacial the opening on the anterior surface of the zygomatic bone for the zygomaticofacial nerves and vessels. zygomaticotemporal f. foramen zygomatico-temporal an opening on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone.

foramina foramina plural of foramen.

force force energy or power; that which originates or arrests motion. Symbol F. electromotive f. f. électromotrice that which causes a flow of electricity from one place to another, giving rise to an electric current. Abbreviated EMF. Symbol E. occlusal f. f. occlusale the force exerted on opposing teeth when the jaws are brought into approximation. reserve f. énergie de réserve energy above that required for normal functioning; in the heart, the power that will take care of the additional circulatory burden imposed by exertion. van der Waals f’s f. de Van der Waals the relatively weak, short-range forces of attraction existing between atoms and molecules and arising from brief shifts of orbital electrons; it results in the attraction of nonpolar organic compounds to each other. vital f. f. vitale the energy that characterizes a living organism; most systems of complementary medicine seek to affect or use it.

forceps forceps [L.] 1. a two-bladed instrument with a handle for compressing or grasping tissues in surgical operations and for handling sterile dressings, etc. 2. any forcipate organ or part. alligator f. pinces crocodile strong toothed forceps having a double clamp. artery f. pince hémostatique one for grasping and compressing an artery. axistraction f. f. à traction axiale specially jointed obstetrical forceps so made that traction can be applied in the line of the pelvic axis. bayonet f. davier baïonnette, pince en baïonnette a forceps whose blades are offset from the axis of the handle. Chamberlen f. f. de Chamberlen the original form of obstetrical forceps. clamp f. pince porte-clamps a forceps-like clamp with an automatic lock, for compressing arteries, etc. dental f. davier dentaire, one for the extraction of teeth. dressing f. pince anatomique one with scissor-like handles for grasping lint, drainage tubes, etc., used in dressing wounds. fixation f. pince à fixer one for holding a part steady during operation. Kocher f. pince de Kocher a strong forceps for holding tissues during operation or for compressing bleeding tissue. Levret f. f. de Levret an obstetrical forceps curved to correspond with the curve of the parturient canal. Lwenberg f. pince de Löwenberg one for removing adenoid growth. f. major f. major the terminal fibers of the corpus callosum that pass from the splenium into the occipital lobes. f. minor f. minor the terminal fibers of the corpus callosum that pass from the genu to the frontal lobes. mouse-tooth f. pince à dents de souris one with one or more fine teeth at the tip of each blade. obstetrical f. f. obstétrical one for extracting the fetal head from the maternal passages. Pan f. pince Péan a clamp for hemostasis. rongeur f. pince- gouge one for use in cutting bone. sequestrum f. pince à séquestre one with small but strong serrated jaws for removing pieces of bone forming a sequestrum. speculum f. pince spéculum a long, slender forceps for use through a speculum. tenaculum f. pince tenaculum one having a sharp hook at the end of each jaw. torsion f. pince à torsion one for making torsion on an artery to arrest hemorrhage. volsella f., vulsellum f. pince vulsellum one with teeth for grasping and applying traction. Willett f. clamp de Willett, pince à cuir chevelu a vulsellum for applying scalp traction to control hemorrhage in placenta previa.

forcipate en forme de forceps shaped like a forceps.

forearm avant-bras antebrachium; the part of the arm between elbow and wrist.

forebrain cerveau antérieur prosencephalon.

foreconscious préconscient preconscious.

forefinger index index finger; the second finger, counting the thumb as first.

forefoot 1. patte antérieure one of the front feet of a quadruped. 2. avant-pied the fore part of the foot.

foregut intestin antérieur the endodermal canal of the embryo cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, giving rise to the pharynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, and most of the small intestine.

forehead front the anterior aspect of the head superior to the eyebrows and extending up to the hairline; usually considered to be part of the face but sometimes excluded.

foreign étranger in immunology, pertaining to substances not recognized as “self” and capable of inducing an immune response.

forensic médicolégal pertaining to or applied in legal proceedings.

foreplay préliminaires the sexually stimulating play preceding intercourse.

foreskin prépuce prepuce. hooded f. p. en tablier de sapeur absence of the ventral foreskin, usually associated with hypospadias.

forewaters premières eaux the part of the amniotic sac that pouches into the uterine cervix in front of the presenting part of the fetus.

fork fourche a pronged instrument, or something resembling one. replication f. f. de réplication a site on a DNA molecule at which unwinding of the helices and synthesis of daughter molecules are both occurring. tuning f. diapason a device that produces harmonic vibration when its two prongs are struck; used to test hearing and bone conduction.

formaldehyde formaldéhyde a gas formerly used as a strong disinfectant; now used as an aqueous solution (see formaldehyde solution, under solution). The gas is toxic by inhalation or absorption and is carcinogenic.

formalin formaline formaldehyde solution.

formamidase formamidase 1. an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of formamide to produce formate; it also acts on similar amides. 2. arylformamidase.

formate formiate a salt of formic acid.

formatio formatio pl. formationes [L.] formation.

formation formation 1. the process of giving shape or form; the creation of an entity or of a structure of definite shape. 2. a structure of definite shape. reaction f. f. réactionnelle a defense mechanism in which a person adopts conscious attitudes, interests, or feelings that are the opposites of their unconscious feelings, impulses, or wishes. reticular f. système réticulé any of several diffuse networks of cells and fibers in the spinal cord and brainstem; subdivided into the reticular formations of the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, mesencephalon, and pons.

formative formateur concerned in the origination and development of an organism, part, or tissue.

forme forme pl. formes [Fr.] form. f. fruste f. fruste pl. formes frustes an atypical, especially a mild or incomplete, form, as of a disease. f. tardive f. tardive a late-occurring form of a disease that usually appears at an earlier age.

formic acid acide formique an acid from the distillation of ants and derivable from oxalic acid and glycerin and from the oxidation of formaldehyde; its actions resemble those of acetic acid but it is much more irritating, pungent, and caustic to the skin. The acid and its sodium and calcium salts are used as food preservatives.

formication fourmillement a sensation as if small insects were crawling on the skin.

formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) acide formiminoglutamique an intermediate in the catabolic pathway from histidine to glutamate; it may be excreted in the urine in liver disease, vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid deficiency, or in glutamic formiminotransferase deficiency.

formol formaline formaldehyde solution.

formula formule pl. formulas, formulae [L.] an expression, using numbers or symbols, of the composition of, or of directions for preparing, a compound, such as a medicine, or of a procedure to follow to obtain a desired result, or of a single concept. chemical f. f. chimique a combination of symbols used to express the chemical composition of a substance. dental f. f. dentaire an expression in symbols of the number and arrangement of teeth in the jaws. Letters represent the various types of teeth: I, incisor; C, canine; P, premolar; M, molar. Each letter is followed by a horizontal line. Numbers above the line represent maxillary teeth; those below, mandibular teeth. The human dental formula is (one side only) for deciduous teeth, and (one side only) for permanent teeth. empirical f. f. empirique a chemical formula which expresses the proportions of the elements present in a substance. molecular f. f. moléculaire a chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, without indicating how they are linked. spatial f., stereochemical f. f. spatiale a chemical formula giving the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, which atom is linked to which, the type of linkages involved, and the relative positions of the atoms in space. structural f. f. structurelle a chemical formula showing the number of atoms of each element in a molecule, their spatial arrangement, and their linkage to each other. vertebral f. f. vertébrale an expression of the number of vertebrae in each region of the spinal column; the human vertebral formula is C7 T12 L5 S5 Cd4 = 33.

formulary formulaire a collection of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions. National F. National Formulary see under N.

formulate formuler 1. to state in the form of a formula. 2. to prepare in accordance with a prescribed or specified method.

formulation formulation the act or product of formulating. American Law Institute F. f. de l’American Law Institute a section of the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code which states that “a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality [wrongfulness] of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law.”

formyl formyle the radical, HCO—, of formic acid.

fornix pl. fornices [L.] 1. fornix an archlike structure or the vaultlike space created by such a structure. 2. trigone fornix of brain; either of a pair of arched fiber tracts that unite under the corpus callosum, so that together they comprise two columns, a body, and two crura. f. vaginae f. du vagin vaginal fornix: the recess between the vaginal wall and the vaginal part of the cervix.

fosamprenavir fosamprénavir a prodrug of amprenavir (q.v.), used as the calcium salt in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infections.

foscarnet foscarnet a virostatic agent used as the sodium salt in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis and herpes simplex in immunocompromised patients.

fosfomycin fosfomycine an antibacterial agent active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, used in the treatment of urinary tract infection; administered orally as the tromethamine salt.

fosinopril fosinopril an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor administered orally as the sodium salt to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.

fosphenytoin fosphénytoïne a prodrug of phenytoin used as the sodium salt in the treatment of epilepsy, excluding petit mal epilepsy.

fossa fosse pl. fossae [L.] a trench or channel; in anatomy, a hollow or depressed area. acetabular f. f. acétabulaire a nonarticular area in the floor of the acetabulum. adipose fossae f. adipeuses subcutaneous spaces in the female breast which contain fat. axillary f. aisselle the small hollow underneath the arm where it joins the body at the shoulder. canine f. f. canine a depression on the external surface of the maxilla superolateral to the canine tooth socket. condylar f. f. condylaire either of two pits on the lateral part of the occipital bone. coronoid f. of humerus f. coronoïde de l’humérus a depression in the humerus for the coronoid process of the ulna. cranial f. f. cérébrale crânienne any one of three hollows (anterior, middle, and posterior) in the base of the cranium for the lobes of the brain. digastric f. 1. fossette digastrique a depression on the inner surface of the mandible, giving attachment to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. 2. fossette cornénne mastoid notch. digital f. f. digitale 1. trochanteric f. 2. cavité digitale femoral ring. 3. the depression on the inside of the anterior abdominal wall lateral to the lateral umbilical fold. duodenojejunal f. f. duodénojéjunale, récessus duodénojéjunal either of two peritoneal pockets, one behind the inferior and the other behind the superior duodenal fold. epigastric f. creux épigastrique 1. a fossa in the epigastric region. 2. epigastrium. 3. urachal f. ethmoid f. f. ethmoïdale the groove in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bones, for the olfactory bulb. hyaloid f. f. hyaloïdienne a depression in the front of the vitreous body, lodging the lens. hypophysial f. f. hypophysaire a depression in the sphenoid, lodging the pituitary gland. iliac f. f. iliaque a concave area occupying much of the inner surface of the ala of the ilium, especially anteriorly; from it arises the iliac muscle. incisive f. of maxilla f. incisive du maxillaire a slight depression on the anterior surface of the maxilla above the incisor teeth. infraspinous f. f. infraépineuse the large, slightly concave area below the spinous process on the dorsal surface of the scapula. infratemporal f. f. infratemporale an irregularly shaped cavity medial or deep to the zygomatic arch. ischioanal f., ischiorectal f. f. ischiorectale a potential space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin below it; an anterior recess extends a variable distance between the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms. Jobert f. f. de Jobert a fossa in the popliteal region bounded by the adductor magnus and the gracilis and sartorius muscles. lacrimal f. f. lacrymale a shallow depression in the roof of the orbit, lodging the lacrimal gland. lateral cerebral f. f. latérale du cerveau sylvian fossa; in the fetus, a depression on the lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere; it becomes the sylvian fissure and its floor becomes the insula. mandibular f. f. mandibulaire a depression in the temporal bone in which the condyle of the mandible rests. mastoid f. cavité mastoïdienne a small triangular area between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. nasal f. cavité nasale the portion of the nasal cavity anterior to the middle meatus. navicular f. fosse naviculaire 1. the vaginal vestibule between the vaginal orifice and the frenulum of the pudendal labia. 2. the lateral expansion of the urethra of the glans penis. 3. a depression on the internal pterygoid process of the sphenoid, giving attachment to the tensor veli palatini muscle. f. ovalis cordis f. ovale du cœur a fossa in the right atrium of the heart; the remains of the fetal foramen ovale. ovarian f. f. ovarique a shallow pouch on the posterior surface of the broad ligament, in which the ovary is located. popliteal f. creux poplité the depression in the posterior region of the knee. rhomboid f. f. rhomboïde the floor of the fourth ventricle, made up of the dorsal surfaces of the medulla oblongata and pons. Rosenmüller f. f. de Rosenmüler pharyngeal recess. subarcuate f. of temporal bone fossa subarcuata a depression in the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. subsigmoid f. cavité rétrocolique du mésosigmoïde a fossa between the mesentery of the sigmoid flexure and that of the descending colon. supraspinous f. f. supraépineuse a depression above the spine of the scapula. sylvian f. fosse sylvienne 1. lateral cerebral f. 2. fissure of Sylvius. tibiofemoral f. surface rétro-spinale a space between the articular surfaces of the tibia and femur mesial or lateral to the inferior pole of the patella. trochanteric f. f. trochantérique a depression on the medial surface of the greater trochanter, receiving the tendon of the obturator externus muscle. urachal f. cavité de l’ouraque one on the inner abdominal wall, between the urachus and the hypogastric artery. Waldeyer f. anneau de Waldeyer the two duodenal fossae regarded as one. zygomatic f. f. ptérygomaxillaire infratemporal f.

fossette [Fr.] 1. fossette a small depression. 2. fossette cornénne a small, deep, corneal ulcer.

fossula fossette pl. fossulae [L.] a small fossa.

foundation fondation the structure or basis on which something is built. denture f. base de prothèse dentaire the portion of the structures and tissues of the mouth available to support a denture.

fourchette fourchette [Fr.] frenulum of pudendal labia.

fovea fovéa pl. foveae [L.] a small pit or depression. Often used alone to indicate the central fovea of the retina. central f. of retina f. centrale de la rétine a small pit in the center of the macula lutea, the area of clearest vision, where the retinal layers are spread aside, and light falls directly on the cones. submandibular f. fossette submandibulaire a depression on the medial aspect of the mandible, lodging part of the submandibular gland.

foveation fovéation formation of pits on a surface as on the skin; a pitted condition.

foveola foveola pl. foveolae [L.] a small pit or depression.

Fr Fr francium.

fraction fraction 1. a portion of something larger. 2. in chemistry, one of the separable constituents of a substance. Adj.: fractional. ejection f. f. d’éjection the proportion of the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole that is ejected during systole; it is the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume, often expressed as a percentage. It is normally 65 ± 8 per cent; lower values indicate ventricular dysfunction. plasma protein f. protéines plasmatiques, f. protéique du plasma sanguin a preparation of serum albumin and globulin obtained by fractionating source blood, plasma, or serum from healthy human donors; used as a blood volume supporter.

fractionation 1. fractionnement de dose in radiology, division of the total dose of radiation into small doses administered at intervals. 2. fractionnement in chemistry, separation of a substance into components, as by distillation or crystallization. 3. fractionnement in histology, isolation of components of living cells by differential centrifugation.

fracture fracture 1. the breaking of a part, especially a bone. 2. a break or rupture in a bone. avulsion f. fracture-avulsion separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon. axial compression f. f. par compression axiale fracture of a vertebra by excessive vertical force so that pieces of it move out in horizontal directions. Barton f. f. de Barton fracture of the distal end of the radius into the wrist joint. Bennett f. f. de Bennett fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone running into the carpometacarpal joint, complicated by subluxation. blow-out f. f. à projection fracture of the orbital floor caused by a sudden increase of intraorbital pressure due to traumatic force; the orbital contents herniate into the maxillary sinus so that the inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle may become incarcerated in the fracture site, producing diplopia on looking up. burst f. f.-éclatement axial compression f. capillary f. f. « en cheveu », fissure, fêlure one that appears on a radiogram as a fine, hairlike line, the segments of bone not being separated; sometimes seen in fractures of the skull. closed f. f. fermée one that does not produce an open wound in the skin; cf. open f. Colles f. f. de Pouteau-Colles fracture of the lower end of the radius, the lower fragment being displaced backward; if the lower fragment is displaced forward, it is a reverse Colles fracture. comminuted f. f. comminutive one in which the bone is splintered or crushed. complete f. f. complète one involving the entire cross section of the bone. compound f. f. compliquée open f. depressed f., depressed skull f. f. par enfoncement fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed. de Quervain f. f. du scaphoïde tarsien fracture of the navicular bone together with a volar luxation of the lunate bone. direct f. f. directe one at the site of injury. dislocation f. f. articulaire fracture of a bone near an articulation with concomitant dislocation of that joint. Dupuytren f. f. de Dupuytren Pott f. Duverney f. f. de Duverney fracture of the ilium just below the anterior inferior spine. fissure f. fêlure a crack extending from a surface into, but not through, a long bone. freeze f. f. d’axones congelés see freeze-fracturing. greenstick f. f. en bois vert one in which one side of a bone is broken, the other being bent. hangman’s f. f. du pendu fracture through the pedicles of the axis (C2) with or without subluxation of the second cervical vertebra or the third. impacted f. f. engrenée one in which one fragment is firmly driven into the other. incomplete f. f. incomplète one which does not entirely destroy the continuity of the bone. insufficiency f. f. par insuffisance osseuse a stress fracture that occurs during normal stress on a bone of abnormally decreased density. intrauterine f. f. congénitale fracture of a fetal bone incurred in utero. Jefferson f. f. de Jefferson fracture of the atlas (first cervical vertebra). lead pipe f. f. osseuse à l’opposé du point d’import one in which the bone cortex is slightly compressed and bulged on one side with a slight crack on the other side of the bone. Le Fort f. f. de Le Fort bilateral horizontal fracture of the maxilla. Le Fort fractures are classified as follows: Le Fort I f., a horizontal segmented fracture of the alveolar process of the maxilla, in which the teeth are usually contained in the detached portion of the bone. Le Fort II f., unilateral or bilateral fracture of the maxilla, in which the body of the maxilla is separated from the facial skeleton and the separated portion is pyramidal in shape; the fracture may extend through the body of the maxilla down the midline of the hard palate, through the floor of the orbit, and into the nasal cavity. Le Fort III f., a fracture in which the entire maxilla and one or more facial bones are completely separated from the craniofacial skeleton; such fractures are almost always accompanied by multiple fractures of the facial bones. Monteggia f. f. de Monteggia one in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius. open f. f. ouverte one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissues communicates with the site of the break. parry f. f. de parade Monteggia f. pathologic f. f. pathologique one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes, such as neoplasia, osteomalacia, or osteomyelitis. ping-pong f. embarrure en balle de ping-pong a type of depressed skull fracture usually seen in young children, resembling the indentation that can be produced with the finger in a pingpong ball; when elevated it resumes and retains its normal position. Pott f. f. de Dupuytren fracture of the lower part of the fibula, with serious injury of the lower tibial articulation, usually a chipping off of a portion of the medial malleolus, or rupture of the medial ligament. pyramidal f. (of maxilla) f. pyramidale Le Fort II f. sagittal slice f. f. à trait sagittal fracture of a vertebra breaking it in an oblong direction; the spinal column above is displaced horizontally, usually causing paraplegia. silver fork f. déformation en dos de fourchette Colles f. simple f. f. simple closed f. Smith f. f. de Goyrand-Smith reverse Colles f. spiral f. f. spiroïde one in which the bone has been twisted apart. spontaneous f. f. spontanée pathologic f. sprain f. f. par arrachement the separation of a tendon from its insertion, taking with it a piece of bone. Stieda f. f. de Stieda fracture of the internal condyle of the femur. stress f. f. de fatigue that caused by unusual or repeated stress on a bone. transverse facial f. disjonction craniofaciale Le Fort III f. transverse maxillary f. f. de Guérin a term sometimes used for horizontal maxillary fracture (Le Fort I f.). trophic f. f. trophique one due to nutritional (trophic) disturbance. wedge-compression f. f.-tassement cunéiforme compression fracture of only the anterior part of a vertebra, leaving it wedge-shaped.

fragilitas fragilitas [L.] fragility. f. crinium f. crinium a brittleness of the hair. f. ossium f. ossium, f. osseuse héréditaire osteogenesis imperfecta. f. unguium f. unguium abnormal brittleness of the nails.

fragility fragilité susceptibility, or lack of resistance, to influences capable of causing disruption of continuity or integrity. f. of blood f. globulaire erythrocyte f. capillary f. f. capillaire abnormal susceptibility of capillary walls to rupture. erythrocyte f. f. érythrocytaire susceptibility of erythrocytes to hemolysis under certain conditions. mechanical f. f. mécanique susceptibility of certain erythrocytes to hemolysis under mechanical stress. osmotic f. f. osmotique susceptibility of certain erythrocytes to hemolysis in increasingly hypotonic saline solutions.

frambesia frambœsia yaws. f. tropica f. tropica yaws.

frambesioma frambœsiome mother yaw.

frame attelle, cadre a rigid structure for giving support to or for immobilizing a part. Balkan f. attelle de Balkan an apparatus for continuous extension in treatment of fractures of the femur, consisting of an overhead bar, with pulleys attached, by which the leg is supported in a sling. Bradford f. c. de Bradford a canvas-covered, rectangular frame of pipe; used as a bed frame in disease of the spine or thigh. quadriplegic standing f. c. de verticalisation orthopodium a device for supporting in the upright position a patient whose four limbs are paralyzed. Stryker f. c. de Stryker one consisting of canvas stretched on anterior and posterior frames, on which the patient can be rotated around their longitudinal axis. trial f. lunettes d’essai an eyeglass frame designed to permit insertion of different lenses used in correcting refractive errors of vision.

Francisella Francisella a genus of gram- negative, aerobic bacteria of the familyFrancisellaceae. F. philomiragia is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, and F. tularensis causes tularemia.

Francisellaceae Francisellaceae a family of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped or coccoid bacteria of the order Thiotrichales.

francium (Fr) francium chemical element (see Table of Elements), at. no. 87.

fraternal 1. fraternel of or pertaining to brothers. 2. dizygote, faux, fraternel of twins; derived from two oocytes.

FRCP FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

FRCS FRCS Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

freckle éphélide a pigmented spot on the skin due to accumulation of melanin resulting from exposure to sunlight. Hutchinson f., melanotic f. of Hutchinson tache d’Hutchinson-Dubreuilh lentigo maligna.

freeze-drying lyophilisation a method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum.

freeze-etching cryodécapage a method used to study unfixed cells by electron microscopy, in which the object to be studied is placed in 20 per cent glycerol, frozen at − 100°C, and then mounted on a chilled holder.

freeze-fracturing cryofracture a method of preparing cells for electron-microscopical examination: a tissue specimen is frozen at − 150° C, inserted into a vacuum chamber, and fractured by a microtome; a platinum carbon replica of the exposed surfaces is made, freed of the underlying specimen, and then examined.

freeze-substitution congélation-dissolution a modification of freeze-drying in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvents at a very low temperature.

fremitus frémissement a vibration felt on palpation. friction f. frottement rub. rhonchal f. râle ronflant vibrations produced by passage of air through a large mucus-filled bronchus. tactile f. vibrations vocales vocal fremitus felt on the chest wall. tussive f. f. de la toux one felt on the chest when the patient coughs. vocal f. (VF) f. vocal one caused by speaking, perceived on auscultation.

frenoplasty frénoplastie the correction of an abnormally attached frenum by surgically repositioning it.

frenulum frein pl. frenula [L.] a small fold of integument or mucous membrane that limits the movements of an organ or part. f. of clitoris f. du clitoris a fold formed by union of the labia minora with the clitoris. labial f. f. labial f. of lip. lingual f. f. lingual f. of tongue. f. of lip f. de la lèvre labial f.; a median fold of mucous membrane connecting the inside of each lip to the corresponding gum. f. of prepuce of penis f. du prépuce du pénis the fold under the penis connecting it with the prepuce. f. of pudendal labia commissure postérieure des petites lèvres the posterior union of the labia minora, anterior to the posterior commissure. f. of superior medullary velum f. du voile médullaire supérieur de la valvule de Vieussens a band lying in the medullary velum at its attachment to the inferior colliculi. f. of tongue f. de la langue lingual frenulum; the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth. f. veli frenulum veli f. of superior medullary velum.

frenum frein pl. frena [L.] a restraining structure or part; see frenulum. Adj.: frenal.

frequency fréquence 1. the number of occurrences of a periodic process in a unit of time. Symbol ν. 2. in statistics, the number of occurrences of a determinable entity per unit of time or of population. Symbol f. urinary f. f. urinaire urination at short intervals without increase in daily volume or urinary output, due to reduced bladder capacity.

freudian freudien 1. pertaining to Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, or his psychological theories and method of psychotherapy (psychoanalytic theory and technique). 2. an adherent or user of freudian theory or methods.

friable friable easily pulverized or crumbled.

friction friction 1. the act of rubbing. 2. massage using a circular or back-and-forth rubbing movement, used especially for massage of deep tissues.

frigidity 1. froideur coldness. 2. frigidité former name for female sexual arousal disorder.

frigolabile labile au froid easily affected or destroyed by cold.

frigostable stable au froid resistant to cold or low temperatures.

frit fritte imperfectly fused material used as a basis for making glass and in the formation of porcelain teeth.

frolement bruit de frôlement [Fr.] a rustling sound often heard on auscultation in pericardial disease.

frons frons [L.] forehead.

frontad frontal toward a front, or frontal aspect.

frontal frontal 1. pertaining to the forehead. 2. denoting a longitudinal plane of the body.

frontalis frontalis [L.] frontal.

frontomaxillary frontomaxillaire pertaining to the frontal bone and maxilla.

frontotemporal frontotemporal pertaining to the frontal and temporal bones.

frost 1. givre, gelée frozen dew or vapor. 2. givre a deposit resembling this. urea f. givre d’urée the appearance on the skin of salt crystals left by evaporation of the sweat in urhidrosis.

frostbite engelure injury to tissues due to exposure to cold, ranging from superficial with full recovery to deep with gangrene.

frottage frottage [Fr.] frotteurism.

frotteur frotteur one who practices frotteurism.

frotteurism frotteurisme a paraphilia in which sexual arousal or orgasm is achieved by actual or fantasized rubbing up against another person, usually in a crowded place with an unsuspecting victim.

frozen gelé 1. turned into, covered by, or surrounded by ice. 2. very cold. 3. stiff or immobile, or rendered immobile.

fructofuranose fructofuranose the combining and more reactive form of fructose.

fructokinase fructokinase an enzyme of the liver, intestine, and kidney cortex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose as the initial step in its utilization. Deficiency causes essential fructosuria.

fructose fructose a sugar, C₆H₁₂O₆, found in honey and many sweet fruits; used as a fluid and nutrient replenisher.

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase fructose-1,6- biphosphatase an enzyme catalyzing part of the route of gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidneys; deficiency causes apnea, hyperventilation, hypoglycemia, ketosis, and lactic acidosis and can be fatal in the neonatal period.

fructosemia fructosémie the presence of fructose in the blood, as in hereditary fructose intolerance and essential fructosuria.

fructoside fructoside a glycoside of fructose.

fructosuria fructosurie the presence of fructose in the urine. essential f. f. essentielle a benign hereditary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to a defect in fructokinase and manifested only by fructose in the blood and urine.

fructosyl fructosyl a radical of fructose.

FSF FSF fibrin-stabilizing factor (coagulation factor XIII).

FSH FSH follicle-stimulating hormone.

FSH-RH FSH-RH follicle-stimulating hormone- releasing hormone.

5-FU 5-FU 5-fluorouracil; see fluorouracil.

fuchsin fuchsine any of several red to purple dyes, sometimes specifically basic f. acid f. f. acide a mixture of sulfonated fuchsins; used in various complex stains. basic f. f. basique a histologic stain, containing predominantly pararosaniline and rosaniline.

fuchsinophilia fuchsinophilie the property of staining readily with fuchsin dyes. Adj.: fuchsinophilic.

fucose fucose a monosaccharide occurring as l-fucose in a number of oligo- and polysaccharides and fucosides and in the carbohydrate portion of some mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins, including the A, B, and O blood group antigens.

α-L-fucosidase α-L-fucosidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fucose residues from fucosides; deficiency results in fucosidosis.

fucosidosis fucosidose a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient enzymatic activity of fucosidase and accumulation of fucosecontaining glycoconjugates in all tissues; it is marked by progressive psychomotor deterioration, growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and seizures.

FUDR FUdR FUDR floxuridine.

fugacity fugacité a measure of the escaping tendency of a substance from one phase to another phase, or from one part of a phase to another part of the same phase.

-fugal -fugal word element [L.], driving away; fleeing from; repelling.

fugue fugue épileptique a pathological state of altered consciousness in which an individual may act and wander around as though conscious but their behavior is not directed by their complete normal personality and is not remembered after the fugue ends. dissociative f., psychogenic f. fugue dissociative a dissociative disorder characterized by an episode of sudden, unexpected travel away from home or business, with amnesia for the past and partial to total confusion about identity or assumption of a new identity.

fulgurate 1. fulgurer to come and go like a flash of lightning. 2. pratiquer une fulguration to destroy by contact with electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current.

fulminate fulminer to occur suddenly with great intensity. Adj.: fulminant.

fumarase fumarase an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and malate.

fumarate fumarate a salt of fumaric acid.

fumaric acid acide fumarique an unsaturated dibasic acid, the trans isomer of maleic acid and an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

fumigation fumigation exposure to disinfecting fumes.

fuming fumant emitting a visible vapor.

functio functio [L.] function. f. laesa f. laesa loss of function; one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

function fonction 1. the special, normal, or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part. 2. fonctionner to perform such activity. 3. in mathematics, a rule that assigns to each member of one set (the domain) a value in another set (the range).

functional fonctionnel 1. pertaining to a function. 2. affecting the function but not the structure.

fundiform fundiforme, frondiforme shaped like a loop or sling.

fundoplication fundoplicature mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach up around it.

fundus fond pl. fundi [L.] the bottom or base of anything; the bottom or base of an organ, or the part of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth. Adj.: fundal, fundic. f. of eye f. d’œil the back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthalmoscope. f. of gallbladder f. de la vésicule biliaire the inferior, dilated portion of the gallbladder. f. of stomach f. de l’estomac the part of the stomach to the left and above the level of the opening of the esophagus. f. tympani fundus tympani the floor of the tympanic cavity. f. of urinary bladder f. de la vessie the base or posterior surface of the urinary bladder. f. of uterus f. utérin the part of the uterus above the orifices of the uterine tubes.

funduscope miroir ophtalmoscopique ophthalmoscope. Adj.: funduscopic.

fungal fongique fungous; pertaining to fungi.

fungate champignons (former des) 1. to produce fungus-like growths. 2. champignonner to grow rapidly, like a fungus.

Fungi Fungi [L.] a kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds; they have rigid cell walls but lack chlorophyll.

fungi champignons [L.] plural of fungus.

fungicide fongicide an agent that destroys fungi. Adj.: fungicidal.

fungiform fongiforme shaped like a fungus.

fungistasis fongistase inhibition of the growth of fungi. Adj.: fungistatic.

fungistat fongistat an agent that inhibits growth of fungi.

fungoid fongoïde resembling a fungus.

fungoma boule fongique, bézoar candidosique fungus ball.

fungous fongueux 1. fungal. 2. fungoid.

fungus champignon pl. fungi [L.] any organism belonging to the Fungi. dimorphic f. c. dimorphe one that lives as a yeast or mold, depending on environmental conditions. imperfect f. c. imparfait one whose perfect (sexual) stage is unknown. perfect f. c. parfait one for which both sexual and asexual types of spore formation are known. true fungi c. vrai Eumycota.

funic funiculaire pertaining to a funis or to a funiculus.

funicle funicule funiculus.

funiculitis funiculite 1. inflammation of the spermatic cord. 2. inflammation of that portion of a spinal nerve root lying within the intervertebral canal.

funiculoepididymitis épididymite funiculaire inflammation of the spermatic cord and the epididymis.

funiculus funiculus pl. funiculi [L.] a cord; a cordlike structure or part. Adj.: funicular. anterior f. of spinal cord cordon antérieur de la moelle spinale the white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the anterior median fissure and the ventral root. lateral f. cordon latéral 1. the white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the dorsal and ventral roots. 2. the continuation into the medulla oblongata of all the fiber tracts of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord with exception of the lateral pyramidal tract. posterior f. of spinal cord cordon postérieur de la moelle the white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the posterior median sulcus and the dorsal root. f. spermaticus f. spermaticus spermatic cord.

funiform funiforme resembling a rope or cord.

funis cordon any cordlike structure, particularly the umbilical cord. Adj.: funic.

FUO FUO, FOI fever of unknown origin.

furanose furanose any sugar containing the four-carbon furan ring structure; it is a cyclic form that ketoses and aldoses may take in solution.

furazolidone furazolidone an antibacterial and antiprotozoal effective against many gram-negative enteric organisms; used in the treatment of diarrhea and enteritis.

furcal fourchu shaped like a fork; forked.

furcation furcation the anatomical area of a multirooted tooth where the roots divide.

furfuraceous furfuracé fine and loose; said of scales resembling bran or dandruff.

furfural furfural an aromatic compound from the distillation of bran, sawdust, etc., which irritates mucous membranes and causes photosensitivity and headaches.

furor colère (accès de) fury; rage. f. epilepticus colère épileptique an attack of intense anger occurring in epilepsy.

furosemide furosémide a loop diuretic used in the treatment of edema and hypertension.

furrow sillon sulcus. atrioventricular f. sillon auriculoventriculaire the transverse groove marking off the atria of the heart from the ventricles. genital f. sillon génital a groove that appears on the genital tubercle of the fetus at the end of the second month. mentolabial f. sillon mentolabial the skin furrow between the lower lip and the chin. nympholabial f. sillon nympholabial a groove separating the labium majus and labium minus on each side. skin f’s sillon interpapillaire sulci cutis.

furuncle furoncle a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by circumscribed inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue after staphylococci enter the skin through hair follicles. Adj.: furuncular.

furunculosis furonculose 1. the persistent sequential occurrence of furuncles over a period of weeks or months. 2. the simultaneous occurrence of a number of furuncles.

furunculus furunculus pl. furunculi [L.] furuncle.

fuscin fuscine a brown pigment of the retinal epithelium.

fusible fusible capable of being melted.

fusiform fusiforme shaped like a spindle; tapered at each end.

fusimotor fusimoteur innervating intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle; said of motor nerve fibers of gamma motoneurons.

fusion fusion 1. the act or process of melting. 2. the merging or coherence of adjacent parts or bodies. 3. the coordination of separate images of the same object in the two eyes into one. 4. the operative formation of an ankylosis or arthrosis. anterior interbody f. arthrodèse antérieure spinal fusion in the lumbar region using a retroperitoneal approach, with immobilization by bone grafts on the anterior and lateral surfaces. diaphyseal-epiphyseal f. f. épiphyse-diaphyse operative establishment of bony union between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone. spinal f. spondylodèse operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae, often with diskectomy or laminectomy.

Fusobacteria Fusobacteria 1. a phylum of gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria. 2. the sole class of this phylum.

Fusobacteriaceae Fusobacteriaceae a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria of the order Fusobacteriales.

Fusobacteriales Fusobacteriales an order of bacteria of the class Fusobacteria.

Fusobacterium Fusobacterium a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria of the family Fusobacteriaceae, consisting of slender cells with tapered ends, that are normal inhabitants of the body cavities. Some species are pathogenic, causing purulent or gangrenous infections.

fusobacterium bacille fusiforme pl. fusobacteria 1. A rod-shaped bacterium in which the cell is thicker in the center and tapers toward the ends. 2. an organism of the genus Fusobacterium.

fusocellular fusocellulaire having spindle-shaped cells.

fusospirillosis fusospirillose necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

fusospirochetal fusospirillaire pertaining to or caused by fusobacteria and spirochetes.

fusospirochetosis fusospirochétose infection with fusobacteria and spirochetes, as in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

FVC CVF forced vital capacity.

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